Section 431. Procedure When Defendant Arrested With Warrant

(A) When a warrant is issued pursuant to Rule 430 in a summary case, the warrant shall be executed by a police officer as defined in Rule 103.

(1) If the warrant is executed between the hours of 6 a.m. and 10 p.m., the police officer shall proceed as provided in paragraphs (B) or (C).

(2) If the warrant is executed outside the hours of 6 a.m. and 10 p.m., unless the time period is extended by the president judge by local rule enacted pursuant to Rule 105, the police officer shall call the proper issuing authority to determine when the issuing authority will be available pursuant to Rule 117.

(B) Arrest Warrants Initiating Proceedings

(1) When an arrest warrant is executed, the police officer shall either:

(a) accept from the defendant a signed guilty plea and the full amount of the fine and costs if stated on the warrant;

(b) accept from the defendant a signed not guilty plea and the full amount of collateral if stated on the warrant; or

(c) if the defendant is unable to pay, cause the defendant to be taken without unnecessary delay before the proper issuing authority.

(2) When the police officer accepts fine and costs, or collateral under paragraphs (B)(1)(a) or (b), the officer shall issue a receipt to the defendant setting forth the amount of fine and costs, or collateral received and return a copy of the receipt, signed by the defendant and the police officer, to the proper issuing authority.

(3) When the defendant is taken before the issuing authority under paragraph (B)(1)(c),

(a) the defendant shall enter a plea; and

(b) if the defendant pleads guilty, the issuing authority shall impose sentence. If the defendant pleads not guilty, the defendant shall be given an immediate trial unless:

(i) the Commonwealth is not ready to proceed, or the defendant requests a postponement or is not capable of proceeding, and in any of these circumstances, the issuing authority shall release the defendant on recognizance unless the issuing authority has reasonable grounds to believe that the defendant will not appear, in which case, the issuing authority may fix the amount of collateral to be deposited to ensure the defendant’s appearance on the new date and hour fixed for trial; or

(ii) the defendant’s criminal record must be ascertained prior to trial as specifically required by statute for purposes of grading the offense charged, in which event the issuing authority shall release the defendant on recognizance unless the issuing authority has reasonable grounds to believe that the defendant will not appear, in which case, the issuing authority may fix the amount of collateral to be deposited to ensure the defendant’s appearance on the new date and hour fixed for trial, which shall be after the issuing authority’s receipt of the required information.

(iii) In determining whether it is necessary to set collateral and what amount of collateral should be set, the issuing authority shall consider the factors listed in Rule 523. The amount of collateral shall not exceed the full amount of the fine and costs.

(iv) If collateral has been set, the issuing authority shall state in writing the reason(s) why any collateral other than release on recognizance has been set and the facts that support a determination that the defendant has the ability to pay monetary collateral.

(v) If collateral is set and the defendant does not post collateral, the defendant shall not be detained without a trial longer than 72 hours or the close of the next business day if the 72 hours expires on a non-business day.

(c) If the defendant is under 18 years of age and cannot be given an immediate trial, the issuing authority promptly shall notify the defendant and defendant’s parents, guardian, or other custodian of the date set for the summary trial, and shall release the defendant on his or her own recognizance.

(C) Bench Warrants

(1) When a bench warrant is executed, the police officer shall either:

(a) accept from the defendant a signed guilty plea and the full amount of the fine and costs if stated on the warrant;

(b) accept from the defendant a signed not guilty plea and the full amount of collateral if stated on the warrant;

(c) accept from the defendant the amount of restitution, fine, and costs due as specified in the warrant if the warrant is for collection of restitution, fine, and costs after a guilty plea or conviction; or

(d) if the defendant is unable to pay, promptly take the defendant for a hearing on the bench warrant as provided in paragraph (C)(3).

(2) When the defendant pays the restitution, fine, and costs, or collateral pursuant to paragraph (C)(1), the police officer shall issue a receipt to the defendant setting forth the amount of restitution, fine, and costs received and return a copy of the receipt, signed by the defendant and the police officer, to the proper issuing authority.

(3) When the defendant does not pay the restitution, fine, and costs, or collateral, the defendant promptly shall be taken before the proper issuing authority when available pursuant to Rule 117 for a bench warrant hearing. The bench warrant hearing may be conducted using two-way simultaneous audio-visual communication.

Comment

For the procedure in court cases following arrest with a warrant initiating proceedings, see Rules 516, 517, and 518. See also the Comment to Rule 706 (Fines or Costs) that recognizes the authority of a common pleas court judge to issue a bench warrant for the collection of fines and costs and provides for the execution of the bench warrant as provided in either paragraphs (C)(1)(c) or (C)(1)(d) and (C)(2) of this rule.

Section 8953 of the Judicial Code, 42 Pa.C.S. § 8953, provides for the execution of warrants of arrest beyond the territorial limits of the police officer’s primary jurisdiction. See also Commonwealth v. Mason, 490 A.2d 421 (Pa. 1985).

Nothing in paragraph (A) is intended to preclude the issuing authority when issuing a warrant pursuant to Rule 430 from authorizing in writing on the warrant that the police officer may execute the warrant at any time and bring the defendant before that issuing authority for a hearing under these rules.

For what constitutes a ‘‘proper’’ issuing authority, see Rule 130.

Delay of trial under paragraph (B)(3)(b)(ii) is required by statutes such as 18 Pa.C.S. § 3929 (pretrial fingerprinting and record-ascertainment requirements).

Although the defendant’s trial may be delayed under this rule, the requirement that an arrested defendant be taken without unnecessary delay before the proper issuing authority remains unaffected.

When the police must detain a defendant pursuant to this rule, 61 P. S. § 1154 provides that the defendant may be housed for a period not to exceed 48 hours in ‘‘the borough and township lockups and county correctional institutions.’’

In cases in which a defendant who is under 18 years of age has failed to ‘‘comply with a lawful sentence’’ imposed by the issuing authority, the Juvenile Act requires the issuing authority to certify notice of the failure to comply to the court of common pleas. See the definition of ‘‘delinquent act,’’ paragraph (2)(iv), in 42 Pa.C.S. § 6302. Following the certification, the case is to proceed pursuant to the Rules of Juvenile Court Procedure and the Juvenile Act instead of these rules.

If the defendant is 18 years of age or older when the default in payment occurs, the issuing authority must proceed under these rules.

For the procedures required before a bench warrant may issue for a defendant’s failure to pay restitution, a fine, or costs, see Rule 430(B)(4). When contempt proceedings are also involved, see Chapter 1 Part D for the issuance of arrest warrants.

For the procedures when a bench warrant is issued in court cases, see Rule 150.

Concerning an issuing authority’s availability, see Rule 117 (Coverage: Issuing Warrants; Preliminary Arraignments and Summary Trials; and Setting and Accepting Bail). Pursuant to Rule 117(B), when establishing the system of coverage best suited for the judicial district, the president judge may require defendants arrested on summary case bench warrants after hours to be taken to the established night court where the defendant would be given a notice to appear in the proper issuing authority’s office the next business day or be permitted to pay the full amount of fines and costs.

Concerning the appearance or waiver of counsel, see Rules 121 and 122.

For the procedures in summary cases within the jurisdiction of the Philadelphia Municipal Court and the Philadelphia Municipal Court Traffic Division, see Chapter 10.

Official Note

Rule 76 adopted July 12, 1985, effective January 1, 1986; Comment revised September 23, 1985, effective January 1, 1986; January 1, 1986 effective dates extended to July 1, 1986; Comment revised January 31, 1991, effective July 1, 1991; amended August 9, 1994, effective January 1, 1995; amended October 1, 1997, effective October 1, 1998; amended July 2, 1999, effective August 1, 1999; renumbered Rule 431 and amended March 1, 2000, effective April 1, 2001; amended August 7, 2003, effective July 1, 2004; Comment revised April 1, 2005, effective October 1, 2005; amended June 30, 2005, effective August 1, 2006; Comment revised March 9, 2006, effective August 1, 2006; Comment revised May 7, 2014, effective immediately; amended April 10, 2015, effective July 10, 2015.

Committee Explanatory Reports:

Report explaining the January 31, 1991 revision published at 20 Pa.B. 4788 (September 15, 1990); Supplemental Report published at 21 Pa.B. 621 (February 16, 1991).

Final Report explaining the August 9, 1994 amendments published with the Court’s Order at 24 Pa.B. 4342 (August 27, 1994).

Final Report explaining the October 1, 1997 amendments published with the Court’s Order at 27 Pa.B. 5414 (October 18, 1997).

Final Report explaining the July 2, 1999 amendments to paragraphs (B)(3) and (C) concerning restitution published with the Court’s Order at 29 Pa.B. 3718 (July 17, 1999).

Final Report explaining the March 1, 2000 reorganization and renumbering of the rules published with the Court’s Order at 30 Pa.B. 1478 (March 18, 2000).

Final Report explaining the August 7, 2003 changes to paragraph (D) and Comment concerning defendants under the age of 18 published with the Court’s Order at 33 Pa.B. 4293 (August 30, 2003).

Final Report explaining the April 1, 2005 Comment revision concerning application of the Juvenile Court Procedural Rules published with the Court’s Order at 35 Pa.B. 2213 (April 16, 2005).

Final Report explaining the June 30, 2005 changes distinguishing between procedures for warrants that initiate proceedings and bench warrants procedures in summary cases published with the Court’s Order at 35 Pa.B. 3911 (July 16, 2005).

Final Report explaining the March 9, 2006, Comment revision adding the cross-reference to Rule 706 published with the Court’s Order at 36 Pa.B. 1396 (March 25, 2006).

Final Report explaining the May 7, 2014 Comment revision changing the cross-reference to the Philadelphia Traffic Court to the Traffic Division of the Philadelphia Municipal Court published with the Court’s Order at 44 Pa.B. 3065 (May 24, 2014).

Final Report explaining the April 10, 2015 amendment concerning the setting of collateral pending summary trial published with the Court’s Order at 45 Pa.B. 2045 (April 25, 2015).

The provisions of this Rule 431 amended August 11, 2003, effective July 1, 2004, 33 Pa.B. 4289; amended April 1, 2005, effective October 1, 2005, 35 Pa.B. 2210; amended June 30, 2005, effective August 1, 2006, 35 Pa.B. 3901; amended March 9, 2006, effective August 1, 2006, 36 Pa.B. 1396; amended May 7, 2014, effective immediately, 44 Pa.B. 3056; amended April 10, 2015, effective July 10, 2015, 45 Pa.B. 2040. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (372119) to (372122).