Section 1002. Procedure in Summary Cases

(A) Except as provided in this rule or by local rule authorized by this rule, or elsewhere in Chapter 10, all criminal proceedings in which a person is accused only of one or more non-traffic summary offenses or violations of municipal criminal ordinances shall proceed as provided in Chapter 4 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure.

(B) Non-traffic summary proceedings shall be instituted either by a citation issued to the defendant or arresting without a warrant when arrest is specifically authorized by law.

(1) Issuance of Citation

(a) The law enforcement officer shall issue the citation to the defendant pursuant to Rule 405 (Issuance of Citation), together with a notice to appear, unless required to proceed pursuant to paragraph (B)(1)(e). The notice to appear shall:

(i) direct the defendant to appear before a judge or trial commissioner on a date and at a time certain in a specified court room, and

(ii) shall advise the defendant that failure to appear shall constitute consent to a trial in the defendant’s absence, and if the defendant is found guilty, the defendant shall have the right to appeal within 30 days for a trial de novo.

(b) When authorized by local rule promulgated pursuant to Rule 105 (Local Rules), the law enforcement officer may prepare, verify, and transmit a citation electronically. The law enforcement officer contemporaneously shall give the defendant a paper copy of the citation containing all the information required by Rule 403(A) (Contents of Citation) and a notice to appear. The notice to appear shall:

(i) direct the defendant to appear before a judge or trial commissioner on a date and at a time certain in a specified court room, and

(ii) shall advise the defendant that failure to appear shall constitute consent to a trial in the defendant’s absence, and if the defendant is found guilty, the defendant shall have the right to appeal within 30 days for a trial de novo.

(c) Within 5 days after issuance of the citation and notice to appear, the citation shall be filed with the clerk of Municipal Court.

(d) When the defendant appears before the judge or trial commissioner as provided in paragraph (B)(1)(a) or (B)(1)(b), the judge or trial commissioner shall explain the process to the defendant.

(i) If the defendant enters a guilty plea, the judge or trial commissioner shall impose the fines and costs.

(ii) If the defendant enters a not guilty plea, the judge or trial commissioner shall set a date for trial before a judge and issue a subpoena to the defendant. The judge or trial commissioner shall advise the defendant that failure to appear at the trial shall constitute consent to a trial in the defendant’s absence, and if the defendant is found guilty, the defendant shall have the right to appeal within 30 days for a trial de novo.

(iii) If applicable, after paying any fee imposed, the defendant may be accepted into the Municipal Court’s summary case diversionary program, or any other diversionary program offered pursuant to local rule promulgated pursuant to Rule 105 (Local Rules). When the defendant successfully completes the Municipal Court’s summary case diversionary program, the defendant’s arrest record automatically will be expunged.

(e) When required by local rule promulgated pursuant to Rule 105 (Local Rules), the law enforcement officer shall take the defendant into custody and transport him or her to the appropriate district police station, where, without unnecessary delay, the law enforcement officer or a superior officer shall prepare and issue the citation to the defendant. Thereafter, the law enforcement officer without unnecessary delay shall transport the defendant to the Municipal Court for proceedings before a judge, and the case shall proceed as provided by local rule promulgated pursuant to Rule 105 (Local Rules).

(f) The defendant shall not be slated, fingerprinted, or photographed, except as provided by law.

(2) Arrest Without a Warrant

(a) When an arrest without a warrant in a non-traffic summary case is authorized by law, the police officer shall take the defendant into custody and transport him or her to the appropriate district police station, where, without unnecessary delay, the police officer or a superior officer shall prepare and issue a citation to the defendant.

(b) Except when the police officer is required to proceed pursuant to paragraph (B)(1)(e), or as otherwise provided in this rule, the case shall proceed as provided in Rule 441.

(c) If the defendant is to be released pursuant to Rule 441(B), the defendant shall be released on his or her own recognizance and given a notice to appear on a date and at a time certain in a specified court room. The notice to appear shall advise the defendant that failure to appear shall constitute consent to a trial in the defendant’s absence, and if the defendant is found guilty, the defendant shall have the right to appeal within 30 days for a trial de novo.

(d) If the defendant is not released under Rule 441(B), the defendant without unnecessary delay shall be brought before a judge, who shall proceed as provided in Rule 441(C).

(C) If the defendant fails to appear pursuant to the notice to appear issued as required by paragraphs (B)(1)(a), (B)(1)(b) or (B)(2)(c), or a subpoena issued as required by paragraph (B)(1)(d)(ii), the case shall proceed as provided in paragraph (D).

(D) If the defendant fails to appear as required in (C), the trial shall be conducted in the defendant’s absence, unless the judge determines that there is a likelihood that the sentence will be imprisonment or that there is other good cause not to conduct the trial in the defendant’s absence. If the trial is not conducted in the defendant’s absence, the judge shall issue a bench warrant for the defendant’s arrest.

(1) At trial, the judge shall proceed to determine the facts and render a verdict in the same manner as trials in criminal cases are conducted in the Common Pleas Court when a jury trial has been waived; however, the law enforcement officer observing the defendant’s alleged offense may, but shall not be required to, appear and testify against the defendant. In no event shall the failure of the law enforcement officer to appear, by itself, be a basis for dismissal of the charges against the defendant. The allegations in the citation may be recited on behalf of the observing law enforcement officer by his or her representative or designee. The failure of the defendant to appear will be deemed to be a waiver of the right to present defense witnesses.

(2) If the defendant is found guilty, the judge shall impose sentence, and shall give notice by first class mail to the defendant of the conviction and sentence, of the right to file an appeal within 30 days for a trial de novo, and of the consequences for failing to pay the costs and fines imposed.

(3) In appeals from the summary conviction, the law enforcement officer who observed the alleged offense must appear and testify. The failure of a law enforcement officer to appear and testify shall result in the dismissal of the charges unless:

(a) the defendant waives the presence of the law enforcement officer in open court on the record;

(b) the defendant waives the presence of the law enforcement officer by filing a written waiver signed by the defendant and defense counsel, or the defendant if proceeding pro se, with the clerk of courts; or

(c) the trial judge determines that good cause exists for the law enforcement officer’s unavailability and grants a continuance.

(E) When the same conduct is proscribed under an Act of Assembly and a municipal criminal ordinance, the charge shall be brought under the Act of Assembly and not under the ordinance.

Comment

This rule, which replaced former Rule 1002 in 2005, was developed to accommodate the procedures Philadelphia Municipal Court has implemented to address the issues in non-traffic summary cases unique to Philadelphia to more efficiently handle the vast number of non-traffic summary cases, to protect the defendants’ rights to a fair and prompt disposition of their cases, and, when appropriate, to provide the necessary rehabilitation or social services. Municipal Court is required to implement local rules pursuant to Rule 105 (Local Rules) enumerating the details of the summary proceedings following the issuance of a citation or a summons. For purposes of this rule, ‘‘local rule’’ includes all memoranda of understanding and administrative orders that affect non-traffic summary case procedures.

Once a summary case is appealed to the Court of Common Pleas for trial de novo, the case shall remain in the Court of Common Pleas. See also Rule 462 and its Comment.

The 2009 amendments to paragraph (B) conform the non-traffic summary citation procedures in Philadelphia with the statewide procedures governing the institution of a non-traffic summary case by issuing a citation to the defendant in person or arresting the defendant without a warrant. See Rules 405 (Issuance of Citation) and 440 (Arrest Without Warrant). The amendments require the police officer to issue a citation as provided in Rule 405 and proceed pursuant to paragraph (B)(1)(a) or (B)(1)(b), unless the case falls within the jurisdiction of one of Philadelphia Municipal Court’s Nuisance Night Courts or Community Courts, or to arrest without a warrant when such an arrest is authorized by law.

The contents of the citation must comply with the requirements of Rule 403(A). The notice to appear required by paragraphs (B)(1)(a), (B)(1)(b), and (B)(2)(c) may be added to the citation form.

Nothing in this rule is intended to permit the admission of double hearsay.

Arrests without a warrant in summary cases are authorized only in exceptional circumstances, such as cases involving enhanced penalties, or when the defendant fails to produce identification, or when there is violence or the imminent threat of violence, or when there is a likelihood that the defendant will flee.

Nothing in this rule prevents the filing of a citation pursuant to Rules 410 and 411.

The 2009 amendments do not modify the current procedures governing Philadelphia Municipal Court’s Nuisance Night Courts and Community Courts that are implemented by paragraph (B)(1)(e).

Although defendants in summary cases ordinarily are not slated, photographed, or fingerprinted, the issuing authority should require the defendant to submit to administrative processing and identification procedures (such as fingerprinting) as authorized by law. See, e.g., 18 Pa.C.S. § 3929(g) concerning fingerprinting in retail theft cases.

The 2010 amendments added new paragraph (D) and related changes to clarify that summary trials in Philadelphia courts may be conducted in the defendant’s absence, conforming Philadelphia practice with the statewide procedures governing trials in the defendant’s absence. Compare Rules 454, 455 and 462.

Nothing in paragraph (D) requires that the trial in absentia be conducted immediately.

All summary offenses under the motor vehicle laws and parking violations are under the jurisdiction of the Municipal Court Traffic Division, the successor of the Philadelphia Traffic Court, see Act 17 of 2013, P. L. 55, No. 17 (June 19, 2013) and 42 Pa.C.S. § § 102, 325, 1121, 1127, 1302, 1321.

Official Note

Rule 6002 adopted June 28, 1974, effective July 1, 1974; amended July 1, 1980, effective August 1, 1980; Comment revised January 28, 1983, effective July 1, 1983; amended July 12, 1985, effective January 1, 1986; January 1, 1986 effective date extended to July 1, 1986; amended February 1, 1989, effective July 1, 1989; amended August 9, 1994, effective January 1, 1995; renumbered Rule 1002 and amended March 1, 2000, effective April 1, 2001. Rule 1002 rescinded August 15, 2005, effective February 1, 2006, and replaced by new Rule 1002; amended May 12, 2009, effective February 1, 2010; Comment revised February 12, 2010, effective April 1, 2010; amended December 22, 2010, effective February 20, 2011; Comment revised May 7, 2014, effective immediately.

Committee Explanatory Reports:

Report explaining the August 9, 1994 amendments published at 22 Pa.B. 6 (January 4, 1992); Final Report published with the Court’s Order at 24 Pa.B. 4342 (August 27, 1994).

Final Report explaining the March 1, 2000 reorganization and renumbering of the rules published with the Court’s Order at 30 Pa.B. 1478 (March 18, 2000).

Final Report explaining the provisions of the new rule published with the Court’s Order at 35 Pa.B. 4918 (September 3, 2005).

Final Report explaining the May 12, 2009 changes to paragraph (B) concerning issuing citations and arrest without warrants in summary cases published at 39 Pa.B. 2568 (May 23, 2009).

Final Report explaining the February 12, 2010 Comment revision concerning the disposition of summary offenses at the court of common pleas published with the Court’s Order at 40 Pa.B. 1068 (February 27, 2010).

Final Report explaining the December 22, 2010 amendments published with the Court’s Order at 41 Pa.B. 216 (January 8, 2011).

Final Report explaining the May 7, 2014 Comment revisions concerning the transfer of functions from the Philadelphia Traffic Court to the Philadelphia Municipal Court published with the Court’s Order at 44 Pa.B. 3065 (May 24, 2014).

The provisions of this Rule 1002 adopted August 15, 2005, effective February 1, 2006, 35 Pa.B. 4914; amended May 12, 2009, effective February 1, 2010; amended February 12, 2010, effective April 1, 2010, 40 Pa.B. 1068; amended December 22, 2010, effective February 20, 2011, 41 Pa.B. 216; amended May 7, 2014, effective immediately, 44 Pa.B. 3056. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (356096), (354897) to (354898) and (361907) to (361908).