181 In re: amendment of rules 1910.11, 1910.16-1, 1910.16-2, 1910.16-3, 1910.16-4, 1910.16-5, 1910.16-6, 1910.16-7, 1910.17, 1910.27 and the note to rule 1910.10 and adoption of rule 1910.16-3.1 of the Pennsylvania rules of civil procedure; no. 519; ...
Title 231—RULES
OF CIVIL PROCEDUREPART I. GENERAL [ 231 PA. CODE CH. 1910 ] In Re: Amendment of Rules 1910.11, 1910.16-1, 1910.16-2, 1910.16-3, 1910.16-4, 1910.16-5, 1910.16-6, 1910.16-7, 1910.17, 1910.27 and the Note to Rule 1910.10 and Adoption of Rule 1910.16-3.1 of the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure; No. 519; Civil Procedural Rules [40 Pa.B. 586]
[Saturday, January 30, 2010]Order Per Curiam:
And Now, this 12th day of January, 2010, upon the recommendation of the Domestic Relations Procedural Rules Committee; the proposal having been published for public comment in the Pennsylvania Bulletin, Volume 38, Number 27 (July 5, 2008), and the Pennsylvania Reporter, 949 A.2d No. 2 (July 18, 2008), and republished for additional public comment in the Pennsylvania Bulletin, Volume 38, Number 50 (December 13, 2008) and the Pennsylvania Reporter, 959 A.2d No. 2 (December 19, 2008):
It Is Ordered pursuant to Article V, Section 10 of the Constitution of Pennsylvania that Rules 1910.11, 1910.16-1, 1910.16-2, 1910.16-3, 1910.16-4, 1910.16-5, 1910.16-6, 1910.16-7, 1910.17, 1910.27 and the Note to Rule 1910.10 of the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure are amended and Rule 1910.16-3.1 of the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure is adopted as follows.
This Order shall be processed in accordance with Pa.R.J.A. No. 103(b), and shall be effective in 120 days on May 12, 2010.
PATRICIA NICOLA,
Chief Clerk
Supreme Court of PennsylvaniaAnnex A TITLE 231. RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE PART I. GENERAL CHAPTER 1910. ACTIONS FOR SUPPORT Rule 1910.10. Alternative Hearing Procedures.
* * * * * (b) The president judge or the administrative judge of Family Division of each county shall certify that all support proceedings in that county are conducted in accordance with either Rule 1910.11 or Rule 1910.12. The certification shall be filed with the Domestic Relations Procedural Rules Committee, and shall be substantially in the following form:
I hereby certify that _____ County conducts its support proceedings in accordance with Rule _____ .
__________(PRESIDENT JUDGE) (ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE)
Official Note: Pursuant to Rule 1910.10, the following counties have certified to the Domestic Relations Procedural Rules Committee that their support proceedings are conducted in accordance with the rule specified below.
* * * * * Tioga [1910.12] 1910.11
* * * * * Rule 1910.11. Office Conference. Subsequent Proceedings. Order.
* * * * * (c) At the conference, the parties shall furnish to the officer true copies of their most recent federal income tax returns, their pay stubs for the preceding six months, verification of child care expenses and proof of medical coverage which they may have or have available to them. In addition, they shall provide copies of their Income and Expense Statements in the forms required by Rule 1910.27(c), completed as set forth below.
* * * * * (2) For cases which are decided according to [Melzer v. Witsberger, 505 Pa. 462, 480 A.2d 991 (1984)] Rule 1910.16-3.1, the Income Statement and the Expense Statement at Rule 1910.27(c)(2)(B) must be [completed] submitted.
* * * * * Explanatory Comment—2010 When the parties' combined net income exceeds $30,000 per month, calculation of child support, spousal support and alimony pendente lite shall be pursuant to Rule 1910.16-3.1. Rule 1910.16-2(e) has been amended to eliminate the application of Melzer v. Witsberger, 505 Pa. 462, 480 A.2d 991 (1984), in high income child support cases.
Rule 1910.16-1. Amount of Support. Support Guidelines.
(a) Applicability of the Support Guidelines.
(2) In actions in which the plaintiff is a public body or private agency pursuant to Rule 1910.3, the amount of the order shall be calculated under the guidelines based upon each obligor's net monthly income as defined in Rule 1910.16-2, with the public or private entity's income as zero. In such cases, each parent shall be treated as a separate obligor and a parent's obligation will be based upon his or her own monthly net income without regard to the income of the other parent.
(i) The amount of basic child support owed to other children not in placement shall be deducted from each parent's net income before calculating support for the child or children in placement, including the amount of direct support the guidelines assume will be provided by the custodial parent.
Example 1. Mother and Father have three children and do not live in the same household. Mother has primary custody of two children and net income of $[1,500] 2,000 per month. Father's net monthly income is $3,000. The parties' third child is in foster care placement. Pursuant to the schedule at Rule 1910.16-3, the basic child support amount for the two children with Mother is $[1,216] 1,350. As Father's income is [67] 60% of the parties' combined monthly net income, his basic support obligation to Mother is $[815] 810 per month. The guidelines assume that Mother will provide $[401] 540 per month in direct expenditures to the two children in her home. The agency/obligee brings an action against each parent for the support of the child in placement. Father/obligor's income will be $[2,185] 2,190 for purposes of this calculation ($3,000 net less $[815] 810 in support for the children with Mother). Because the agency/obligee's income is zero, Father's support for the child in placement will be 100% of the schedule amount of basic support for one child at the $[2,185] 2,190 income level, or $[545] 528 per month. Mother/obligor's income will be $[1,099] 1,460 for purposes of this calculation ($[1,500] 2,000 net less $[401] 540 in direct support to the children in her custody). Her support obligation will be 100% of the schedule amount for one child at that income level, or $[284] 354 per month.
Example 2. Mother and Father have two children in placement. Father owes child support of $500 per month for two children of a former marriage. At the same income levels as above, Father's income for determining his obligation to the children in placement would be $2,500 ($3,000 less $500 support for two children of prior marriage). His obligation to the agency would be $[853] 866 per month (100% of the schedule amount for two children at the $2,500 per month income level). Mother's income would not be diminished as she owes no other child support. She would owe $[544] 698 for the children in placement (100% of the schedule amount for two children at the $[1,500] 2,000 income level).
(ii) If the parents reside in the same household, their respective obligations to the children who remain in the household and are not in placement shall be calculated according to the guidelines, with the parent having the higher income as the obligor, and that amount shall be deducted from the parents' net monthly incomes for purposes of calculating support for the child(ren) in placement.
Example 3. Mother and Father have four children, two of whom are in placement. Mother's net monthly income is $4,000 and Father's is $2,000. The basic support amount for the two children in the home is $[1,359] 1,483, according to the schedule at Rule 1910.16-3. As Mother's income is 67% of the parties' combined net monthly incomes, her share would be $[911] 994, and Father's 33% share would be $[448] 489. Mother's income for purposes of calculating support for the two children in placement would be $[3,089] 3,006 ($4,000 less $[911] 994). She would pay 100% of the basic child support at that income level, or $[1,029] 1,033, for the children in placement. Father's income would be $[1,552] 1,511 ($2,000 less $[448] 489) and his obligation to the children in placement would be $[560] 531.
* * * * * (c) Spousal Support and Alimony Pendente Lite.
(1) Orders for spousal support and alimony pendente lite shall not be in effect simultaneously.
(2) In determining the duration of an award for spousal support or alimony pendente lite, the trier of fact shall consider the duration of the marriage from the date of marriage to the date of final separation.
* * * * * Explanatory Comment—[2005] 2010 Introduction. Pennsylvania law requires that child and spousal support be awarded pursuant to a statewide guideline. 23 Pa.C.S. § 4322(a). That statute further provides that the guideline shall be ''established by general rule by the Supreme Court, so that persons similarly situated shall be treated similarly.'' Id.
Pursuant to federal law, The Family Support Act of 1988 (P. L. 100-485, 102 Stat. 2343 (1988), [42 U.S.C. § 667(a), statewide support guidelines must ''be reviewed at least once every four years to ensure that their application results in the determination of appropriate child support award amounts.''] all states are required to have statewide child support guidelines. Federal regulations, 45 CFR 302.56, further require that the guidelines be reviewed at least once every four years and that such reviews include an assessment of the most recent economic data on child-rearing costs and a review of data from case files to assure that deviations from the guidelines are limited. The Pennsylvania statute also requires a review of the support guidelines every four years. 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 4322(a).
The Domestic Relations Procedural Rules Committee of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania began the mandated review process in [early 2003] 2007. The committee was assisted in its work by Jane Venohr, Ph.D., an economist with [Policy Studies, Inc.] the Center for Policy Research, under contract [with] between the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare and Policy Studies, Inc. As a result of the review, the committee recommended to the Supreme Court several amendments to the statewide guidelines.
A. Income Shares Model. Pennsylvania's child support guidelines are based upon the Income Shares Model. That model was developed under the Child Support Guidelines Project funded by the U.S. Office of Child Support Enforcement and administered by the National Center for State Courts. The Guidelines Project Advisory Group recommended the Income Shares Model for state guidelines. At present, [33] 37 states use the Income Shares Model as a basis for their child support guidelines.
The Income Shares Model is based upon the concept that the child of separated, divorced or never-married parents should receive the same proportion of parental income that she or he would have received if the parents lived together. A number of authoritative economic studies provide estimates of the average amount of household expenditures for children in intact households. These studies show that the proportion of household spending devoted to children is directly related to the level of household income and to the number of the children. The basic support amounts reflected in the schedule in Rule 1910.16-3 represent average marginal expenditures on children for food, housing, transportation, clothing and other miscellaneous items that are needed by children and provided by their parents, including the first $250 of unreimbursed medical expenses incurred annually per child.
1. Economic Measures. The support schedule in Rule 1910.16-3 is based upon child-rearing expenditures measured by David M. Betson, Ph.D., Professor of Economics, University of Notre Dame. Dr. Betson's measurements were developed for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services for the explicit purpose of assisting states with the development and revision of child support guidelines. Dr. Betson's research [was] also was used in developing the prior schedule, effective in [April 1999] January 2006. [In 2001,] Dr. Betson [updated] updates his estimates using data from the [1996-98] Consumer Expenditure Survey conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. In the current schedule, those figures were converted to [2003] 2008 price levels using the Consumer Price Index.
2. Source of Data. The estimates used to develop the schedule are based upon national data. The specific sources of the data are the periodic Consumer Expenditure Surveys. Those national surveys are used because they are the most detailed available source of data on household expenditures. The depth and quality of this information is simply not available at the state level and would be prohibitively costly to gather. [However, according to the 2000 Census conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, the median Pennsylvania family income in 1999 was $49,184, while the national median family income was $50,046. Thus, using national data continues to be appropriate.]
The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (''CNPP'') also develops economic estimates for the major categories of child-rearing expenditures. Although the committee reviewed these estimates, it is [not] aware of [any] only one state that relies upon the CNPP estimates as a basis for its child support schedule, and even that state makes certain adjustments.
B. Statutory Considerations. The Pennsylvania statute, 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 4322(a), provides:
Child and spousal support shall be awarded pursuant to a Statewide guideline as established by general rule by the Supreme Court, so that persons similarly situated shall be treated similarly. The guideline shall be based upon the reasonable needs of the child or spouse seeking support and the ability of the obligor to provide support. In determining the reasonable needs of the child or spouse seeking support and the ability of the obligor to provide support, the guideline shall place primary emphasis on the net incomes and earning capacities of the parties, with allowable deviations for unusual needs, extraordinary expenses and other factors, such as the parties' assets, as warrant special attention. The guideline so developed shall be reviewed at least once every four years.
1. Reasonable Needs and Reasonable Ability to Provide Support. The guidelines make financial support of a child a primary obligation and assume that parties with similar net incomes will have similar reasonable and necessary expenses. After the basic needs of the parents have been met, the child's needs shall receive priority. The guidelines assume that if the obligor's net income is at the poverty level, he or she is barely able to provide for his or her own basic needs. In those cases, therefore, the entry of a minimal order may be appropriate after considering the party's living expenses. In some cases, it may not be appropriate to enter a support order at all. In most cases, however, a party's living expenses are not relevant in determining his or her support obligation. Rather, as the statute requires, the obligation is based upon the reasonable needs of a dependent spouse or child and the reasonable ability of the obligor to pay.
2. Net Income. The guidelines use the net incomes of the parties [and are based on the assumption that a child's reasonable needs increase as the combined net income of the child's parents increases]. Each parent is required to contribute to a share of the child's reasonable needs in proportion to that parent's share of the combined net income. The custodial parent makes these contributions through direct expenditures for food, shelter, clothing, transportation and other reasonable needs. The non-custodial parent makes contributions through periodic support payments to the custodial parent. Rule 1910.16-2(d) has been amended to clarify the provisions relating to [fluctuating] income and earning capacity.
3. Allowable Deviations. The guidelines are designed to treat similarly situated parents, spouses and children in the same manner. However, when there are unavoidable differences, deviations must be made from the guidelines. Failure to deviate from these guidelines by considering a party's actual expenditures where there are special needs and special circumstances constitutes a misapplication of the guidelines.
C. Child Support Schedule. The child support schedule in Rule 1910.16-3 has been amended to reflect updated economic data, as required by federal and state law, to ensure that children continue to receive adequate levels of support. [At some income levels the presumptive amount of support has increased from the previous schedule, and at some income levels it has decreased. The economic data support the revised schedule.] The support amounts in the schedule have been expanded to apply to a combined net monthly income of $[20,000] 30,000 and remain statistically valid. The economic data support the revised schedule.
D. Self-Support Reserve (''SSR''). The amended schedule also incorporates an increase in the ''Self-Support Reserve'' or ''SSR'' from $[550] 748 per month to $[748] 867 per month, the [2003] 2008 federal poverty level for one person. Formerly designated as the ''Computed Allowance Minimum'' or ''CAM,'' the Self-Support Reserve, as it is termed in most other states' guidelines, is intended to assure that low-income obligors retain sufficient income to meet their own basic needs, as well as to maintain the incentive to continue employment. The SSR is built into the schedule in Rule 1910.16-3 and adjusts the basic support obligation to prevent the obligor's net income from falling below $[748] 867 per month. Because the schedule in Rule 1910.16-3 applies to child support only, Rule 1910.16-2(e)(1)(B) provides for a similar adjustment in spousal support and alimony pendente lite cases to assure that the obligor retains a minimum of $[748] 867 per month.
E. Shared Custody. [Prior to the amendments effective in April of 1999, there was no formula or procedure for deviating from the basic support guidelines when custody was shared equally or the non-custodial parent has substantial partial custody. Prior to 1999, the guidelines provided that the obligor's support obligation should be reduced only if he or she spent ''an unusual amount of time with the children.''
As part of the review process that resulted in the 1999 amendments, the committee considered the practices of several other jurisdictions and ultimately selected a method which gave some recognition to the shift in child-related expenditures that occurs when the obligor spends a substantial amount of time with the children. While recognizing that it was not a perfect solution to the problem of establishing support obligations in the context of substantial or shared custody, it was preferable to the diverse offset methods which had been developed by local courts. Its chief advantage was that it provided statewide uniformity and avoided a sharp reduction in the obligation at certain thresholds. These amendments do not change that rule.]
In creating the new schedule, the amounts of basic child support were first increased to reflect updated economic data, including 2008 price levels. Next, the amounts of basic child support were adjusted to incorporate into the schedule the assumption that the children spend 30% of the time with the obligor and that the obligor makes direct expenditures on their behalf during that time. That does not mean that the entire schedule was reduced by 30%. Only those variable expenditures, such as food and entertainment that fluctuate based upon parenting time were adjusted.
The calculation in Rule 1910.16-4(c) reduces an obligor's support obligation further if the obligor spends significantly more time with the children. The revised schedule assumes that the obligor has 30% parenting time. The obligor will receive an additional 10% reduction in the amount of support owed at 40% parenting time, increasing incrementally to a 20% reduction at 50% parenting time. This method may still result in a support obligation even if custody of the children is equally shared. In those cases, the rule provides for a maximum obligation which may reduce the obligation so that the obligee does not receive a larger portion of the parties' combined income than the obligor.
F. Child Care Expenses. Rule 1910.16-6(a) [has been] was amended in 2006 to provide that child care expenses incurred by both parties shall be apportioned between the parties in recognition of the fact that a non-custodial parent also may [also] incur such expenses during his or her custodial periods with the children.
G. Spousal Support and Aliony Pendente Lite. Subdivision (c) has been amended to require the court to consider the duration of the marriage in determining the duration of a spousal support or alimony pendente lite award. The language was moved from Rule 1910.16-5 which deals with deviation. The primary purpose of this provision is to prevent the unfairness that arises in a short-term marriage when the obligor is required to pay support over a substantially longer period of time than the parties were married and there is little or no opportunity for credit for these payments at the time of equitable distribution.
H. Other Amendments. All of the examples in the guidelines have been updated to reflect the changes to the basic child support schedule. Prior explanatory comments have been deleted or revised and incorporated into new comments.
Rule 1910.16-2. Support Guidelines. Calculation of Net Income.
Generally, the amount of support to be awarded is based upon the parties' monthly net income.
* * * * * (b) Treatment of Public Assistance, SSI Benefits, [ and ] Social Security Payments to a Child Due to a Parent's Death, Disability or Retirement and Foster Care Payments.
* * * * * (3) If either party to a support action is a foster parent and/or is receiving payments from a public or private agency for the care of a child who is not his or her biological or adoptive child, those payments shall not be included in the income of the foster parent or other caretaker for purposes of calculating child support for the foster parent's or other caretaker's biological or adoptive child.
Example 1. If the obligor has net income of $1,200 per month; the obligee has net monthly income of $800; and the child receives Social Security derivative benefits of $300 per month as a result of either the obligor's or obligee's retirement or disability, then the total combined monthly net income is $2,300. Using the schedule at Rule 1910.16-3 for one child, the amount of support is $[568] 551 per month. From that amount, subtract the amount the child is receiving in Social Security derivative benefits ($[568] 551 minus $300 equals $[268] 251). Then, apply the formula at Rule 1910.16-4 to apportion the remaining child support amount of $[268] 251 between the obligor and the obligee in proportion to their respective incomes. The obligor's $1,200 net income per month is 60% of the total of the obligor's and the obligee's combined net monthly income. Thus, the obligor's support obligation would be 60% of $[268] 251, or $[161] 151, per month.
Example 2. Two children live with Grandmother who receives $400 per month in Social Security death benefits for the children as a result of their father's death. Grandmother also receives $500 per month from a trust established by Father for the benefit of the children. Grandmother is employed and earns $2,000 net per month. Grandmother seeks support from the children's mother, who earns $1,500 net per month. For purposes of calculating Mother's support obligation, Grandmother's income will be $500, the amount she receives on behalf of the children from the trust. Therefore, the obligee's and the obligor's combined net monthly incomes total $2,000. Add to that the $400 in Social Security benefits Grandmother receives for the children to find the basic child support amount in Rule 1910.16-3. The basic support amount at the $2,400 income level for two children is $[820] 831. Subtracting from that amount the $400 in Social Security derivative benefits Grandmother receives for the children, results in a basic support amount of $[420] 431 [to be apportioned between the parties]. As Mother's income is 75% of the parties' combined income of $2,000, her support obligation to Grandmother is $[315] 323 per month.
* * * * * (d) Reduced or Fluctuating Income.
(1) Voluntary Reduction of Income. When either party voluntarily assumes a lower paying job, quits a job, leaves employment, changes occupations or changes employment status to pursue an education, or is fired for cause, there generally will be no effect on the support obligation.
(2) Involuntary Reduction of, and Fluctuations in, Income. No adjustments in support payments will be made for normal fluctuations in earnings. However, appropriate adjustments will be made for substantial continuing involuntary decreases in income, including but not limited to the result of illness, lay-off, termination, job elimination or some other employment situation over which the party has no control unless the trier of fact finds that such a reduction in income was willfully undertaken in an attempt to avoid or reduce the support obligation.
(3) Seasonal Employees. Support orders for seasonal employees, such as construction workers, shall ordinarily be based upon a yearly average.
(4) Earning Capacity. [Ordinarily, either] If the trier of fact determines that a party to a support action [who] has willfully [fails] failed to obtain or maintain appropriate employment, [will be considered to have] the trier of fact may impute to that party an income equal to the party's earning capacity. Age, education, training, health, work experience, earnings history and child care responsibilities are factors which shall be considered in determining earning capacity. For an earning capacity to be assessed, the trier of fact must state the reasons for the assessment in writing or on the record. Generally, the trier of fact should not impute an earning capacity that is greater than the amount the party would earn from one full-time position. Determination of what constitutes a reasonable work regimen depends upon all relevant circumstances including the choice of jobs available within a particular occupation, working hours, working conditions and whether a party has exerted substantial good faith efforts to find employment.
(e) Net Income Affecting Application of the [ Child ] Support Guidelines.
(1) Low Income Cases.
(A) When the obligor's monthly net income and corresponding number of children fall into the shaded area of the schedule set forth in Rule 1910.16-3, the basic child support obligation shall be calculated using the obligor's income only. For example, where the obligor has monthly net income of $[850] 950, the presumptive amount of support for three children is $[94] 77 per month. This amount is determined directly from the schedule in Rule 1910.16-3.
(B) In computing a basic spousal support or alimony pendente lite obligation, the presumptive amount of support shall not reduce the obligor's net income below [$748] the Self-Support Reserve of $867 per month. For example, if the obligor earns $[800] 1,000 per month and the obligee earns $300 per month, the formula in Part IV of Rule 1910.16-4 would result in a support obligation of $[200] 280 per month. Since this amount leaves the obligor with only $[600] 720 per month, it must be adjusted so that the obligor retains at least $[748] 867 per month. The presumptive minimum amount of spousal support, therefore, is $[52] 133 per month in this case.
(C) When the obligor's monthly net income is $[748] 867 or less, the court may award support only after consideration of the obligor's actual living expenses.
(2) High Income [ Child Support ] Cases. [When the parties' combined net income exceeds $20,000 per month, child support shall be calculated pursuant to Melzer v. Witsberger, 505 Pa. 462, 480 A.2d 991 (1984). The presumptive minimum amount of child support shall be the obligor's percentage share of the highest amount of support which can be derived from the schedule for the appropriate number of children and using the parties' actual combined income to determine the obligor's percentage share of this amount. The court may award an additional amount of child support based on the parties' combined income and the factors set forth in Melzer. The Melzer analysis in high income child support cases shall be applied to all of the parties' income, not just to the amount of income exceeding $20,000 per month. In a Melzer analysis case, the presumptive minimum remains applicable.
For example, where the obligor and the obligee have monthly net incomes of $17,000 and $4,000 respectively, the presumptive minimum amount of child support for three children is calculated as follows: using the formula in Rule 1910.16-4, determine the parties' percentage shares of income based on their actual combined income—81% and 19% respectively of $21,000. Using the schedule in Rule 1910.16-3, find the highest possible combined child support obligation for three children—$3,018. The obligor's percentage share of the combined obligation is 81% of $3,018, or $2,445. This is the presumptive minimum amount of child support that he or she must pay for three children. Since this amount is derived from the schedule in Rule 1910.16-3, which is limited to combined household income of $20,000, the court may award an additional amount of support based on the factors set forth in Melzer.]
When the parties' combined net income exceeds $30,000 per month, calculation of child support, spousal support and alimony pendente lite shall be pursuant to Rule 1910.16-3.1.
* * * * * Explanatory Comment—[2005] 2010 Subdivision (a) addresses gross income for purposes of calculating the support obligation by reference to the statutory definition at 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 4322. Subdivision (b) provides for the treatment of public assistance, SSI benefits, [and] Social Security derivative benefits and foster care payments.
Subdivision (c) sets forth the exclusive list of the deductions that may be taken from gross income in arriving at a party's net income. When the cost of health insurance premiums is treated as an additional expense subject to allocation between the parties under Rule 1910.16-6, it is not deductible from gross income. However, part or all of the cost of health insurance premiums may be deducted from the obligor's gross income pursuant to Rule 1910.16-6(b) in cases in which the obligor is paying the premiums and the obligee has no income or minimal income. Subdivision (c) relates to awards of spousal support or alimony pendente lite when there are multiple families. In these cases, a party's net income must be reduced to account for his or her child support obligations, as well as any pre-existing spousal support, alimony pendente lite or alimony obligations being paid to former spouses who are not the subject of the support action.
Subdivision (d) has been amended to clarify the distinction between voluntary and involuntary changes in income and the imputing of earning capacity. [Since the payment of support is a priority, subsection (1) reflects current case law which, for example, holds that a party's decision to forego current employment in order to further his or her education should be treated no differently than a decision to change jobs or occupations which results in a lower income. Kersey v. Jefferson, 791 A.2d 419 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2002); Grimes v. Grimes, 596 A.2d 240 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1991)] Statutory provisions at 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 4322, as well as case law, are clear that a support obligation is based upon the ability of a party to pay, and that the concept of an earning capacity is intended to reflect a realistic, rather than a theoretical, ability to pay support. Amendments to subdivision (d) are intended to clarify when imposition of an earning capacity is appropriate.
Subdivision (e) has been amended to reflect the updated schedule in Rule 1910.16-3 and the increase in the Self-Support Reserve (''SSR'') [, formerly referred to as the Computed Allowance Minimum (''CAM'')]. The schedule now applies to all cases in which the parties' combined net monthly income is $[20,000] 30,000 or less. The upper income limit of the prior schedule was only $[15,000] 20,000. The amount of support at each income level of the schedule also has changed, so the examples in Rule 1910.16-2 were revised to be consistent with the new support amounts.
The SSR is intended to assure that obligors with low incomes retain sufficient income to meet their basic needs and to maintain the incentive to continue employment. When the obligor's net monthly income or earning capacity falls into the shaded area of the schedule, the basic child support obligation can be derived directly from the schedule in Rule 1910.16-3. There is no need to use the formula in Rule 1910.16-4 to calculate the obligor's support obligation because the SSR keeps the amount of the obligation the same regardless of the obligee's income. The obligee's income may be a relevant factor, however, in determining whether to deviate from the basic guideline obligation pursuant to Rule 1910.16-5 and in considering whether to require the obligor to contribute to any additional expenses under Rule 1910.16-6.
Since the schedule in Rule 1910.16-3 sets forth basic child support only, subdivision (e)(1)(B) is necessary to reflect the operation of the SSR in spousal support and alimony pendente lite cases. It adjusts the basic guideline obligation, which would otherwise be calculated under the formula in Rule 1910.16-4, so that the obligor's income does not fall below the SSR amount in these cases.
Previously, the [CAM] SSR required that the obligor retain at least $[550] 748 per month. The SSR now requires that the obligor retain income of at least $[748] 867 per month, an amount equal to the [2003] 2008 federal poverty level for one person. When the obligor's monthly net income is less than $[748] 867, subsection (e)(1)(C) provides that the court must consider the parties' actual living expenses before awarding support. The guidelines assume that at this income level the obligor is barely able to meet basic personal needs. In these cases, therefore, entry of a minimal order may be appropriate. In some cases, it may not be appropriate to order support at all.
The schedule at Rule 1910.16-3 sets forth the presumptive amount of basic child support to be awarded. If the circumstances warrant, the court may deviate from that amount under Rule 1910.16-5 and may also consider a party's contribution to additional expenses, which are typically added to the basic amount of support under Rule 1910.16-6. If, for example, the obligor earns only $[800] 900 per month but is living with his or her parents, or has remarried and is living with a fully-employed spouse, the court may consider an upward deviation under Rule 1910.16-5(b)(3) and/or may order the party to contribute to the additional expenses under Rule 1910.16-6. Consistent with the goals of the SSR, however, the court should ensure that the overall support obligation leaves the obligor with sufficient income to meet basic personal needs and to maintain the incentive to continue working so that support can be paid.
Subdivision (e) also [reflects the limited] has been amended to eliminate the application of Melzer v. Witsberger, 505 Pa. 462, 480 A.2d 991 (1984), [to cases in which the guidelines cannot be used to establish the child support obligation because the parties' combined income exceeds $20,000 per month] in high income child support cases. [The court must establish a presumptive minimum amount of child support using the guidelines to arrive at that amount. The formula for calculating the presumptive minimum amount provides that the parties' percentage shares should be calculated using their actual combined income rather than the theoretical combined income of only $20,000. In considering whether to award an additional amount of child support, the court must apply the factors set forth in Melzer to all of the parties' combined income, not just the amount over $20,000 per month. It would be improper to apply the formula in Rule 1910.16-4 to the amount of the parties' combined income which exceeds $20,000 per month and award the obligor's percentage share as additional support. Additional support, if any, may be more or less than the percentage share and must be determined, therefore, in accordance with the factors set forth in Melzer. The presumptive minimum shall apply even if the Melzer analysis results in a lower amount] In cases in which the parties' combined net monthly income exceeds $30,000, child support will be calculated in accordance with the three-step process in new Rule 1910.16-3.1(a).
Rule 1910.16-3. Support Guidelines. Basic Child Support Schedule.
The following schedule sets forth the amounts spent on children in intact families by combined income and number of children. Combined income is on the vertical axis of the schedule and number of children is on the horizontal axis of the schedule. This schedule is used to find the basic child support obligation. Unless otherwise provided in these rules, the obligor's share of the basic support obligation shall be computed using the formula set forth in Part I of Rule 1910.16-4.
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[Continued from previous Web Page] Monthly Basic Child Support Schedule COMBINED ADJUSTED NET
INCOMEONE
CHILDTWO
CHILDRENTHREE
CHILDRENFOUR
CHILDRENFIVE
CHILDRENSIX
CHILDREN[ 0-800 50 50 50 50 50 50 850 92 93 94 95 96 97 900 137 138 140 141 143 144 950 182 184 186 188 190 192 1000 227 229 232 234 237 239 1050 271 275 278 281 284 287 1100 284 320 324 327 331 334 1150 296 366 370 374 378 382 1200 309 411 416 420 425 429 1250 322 455 462 467 472 477 1300 335 472 508 513 519 524 1350 348 490 554 560 566 572 1400 360 508 589 606 613 619 1450 373 526 610 653 660 667 1500 386 544 630 699 707 714 1550 397 560 648 723 754 762 1600 409 575 666 743 801 809 1650 421 591 684 763 839 857 1700 432 607 702 783 861 904 1750 444 623 720 803 883 952 1800 455 638 738 822 905 984 1850 467 654 756 842 927 1008 1900 479 670 773 862 949 1032 1950 490 685 790 881 969 1055 2000 501 700 807 900 990 1077 2050 512 715 824 918 1010 1099 2100 523 729 840 937 1031 1121 2150 534 744 857 955 1051 1143 2200 545 759 873 974 1071 1166 2250 557 774 890 992 1092 1188 2300 568 789 907 1011 1112 1210 2350 579 804 924 1030 1133 1233 2400 591 820 942 1051 1156 1257 2450 603 837 961 1071 1179 1282 2500 615 853 979 1092 1201 1307 2550 626 869 998 1113 1224 1332 2600 638 886 1017 1134 1247 1357 2650 650 902 1035 1154 1270 1381 2700 662 918 1054 1175 1292 1406 2750 674 935 1072 1196 1315 1431 2800 684 949 1088 1213 1335 1452 2850 694 962 1103 1230 1353 1472 2900 704 976 1118 1246 1371 1492 2950 714 989 1133 1263 1389 1511 3000 724 1003 1147 1279 1407 1531 3050 734 1016 1162 1296 1425 1551 3100 744 1029 1177 1312 1443 1570 3150 754 1043 1192 1329 1461 1590 3200 763 1054 1204 1342 1477 1607 3250 767 1059 1207 1346 1481 1611 3300 772 1063 1211 1350 1485 1616 3350 776 1068 1214 1354 1489 1620 3400 781 1072 1218 1358 1494 1625 3450 785 1077 1221 1362 1498 1630 3500 790 1081 1225 1365 1502 1634 3550 794 1086 1228 1369 1506 1639 3600 798 1090 1231 1373 1510 1643 3650 804 1096 1237 1380 1518 1651 3700 809 1103 1245 1388 1526 1661 3750 815 1110 1252 1396 1535 1670 3800 820 1117 1259 1403 1544 1680 3850 826 1123 1266 1411 1552 1689 3900 831 1130 1273 1419 1561 1699 3950 837 1137 1280 1427 1570 1708 4000 843 1144 1287 1435 1579 1717 4050 848 1151 1294 1443 1587 1727 4100 854 1158 1302 1452 1597 1738 4150 860 1165 1310 1461 1607 1748 4200 866 1173 1318 1469 1616 1759 4250 872 1180 1326 1478 1626 1769 4300 878 1187 1334 1487 1636 1780 4350 884 1194 1341 1496 1645 1790 4400 890 1202 1349 1504 1655 1800 4450 896 1209 1357 1513 1665 1811 4500 902 1216 1365 1522 1674 1821 4550 908 1224 1373 1531 1684 1832 4600 914 1231 1381 1539 1693 1842 4650 920 1238 1389 1548 1703 1853 4700 924 1243 1394 1554 1709 1860 4750 925 1245 1395 1555 1711 1861 4800 927 1246 1396 1557 1713 1863 4850 928 1248 1398 1558 1714 1865 4900 930 1249 1399 1560 1716 1867 4950 931 1251 1400 1561 1717 1869 5000 933 1253 1402 1563 1719 1870 5050 934 1254 1403 1564 1721 1872 5100 936 1256 1404 1566 1722 1874 5150 937 1257 1406 1567 1724 1876 5200 939 1259 1407 1569 1726 1877 5250 940 1261 1408 1570 1727 1879 5300 942 1262 1410 1572 1729 1881 5350 943 1264 1411 1573 1731 1883 5400 945 1265 1412 1575 1732 1885 5450 946 1267 1414 1576 1734 1886 5500 948 1268 1415 1578 1735 1888 5550 952 1273 1420 1583 1742 1895 5600 959 1283 1431 1595 1755 1909 5650 966 1292 1441 1607 1768 1923 5700 973 1302 1452 1619 1780 1937 5750 980 1312 1462 1630 1793 1951 5800 988 1321 1473 1642 1806 1965 5850 995 1331 1483 1654 1819 1979 5900 1002 1340 1494 1666 1832 1993 5950 1009 1350 1504 1677 1845 2007 6000 1016 1359 1515 1689 1858 2021 6050 1023 1369 1525 1701 1871 2035 6100 1030 1379 1536 1712 1884 2049 6150 1038 1388 1546 1724 1897 2063 6200 1045 1398 1557 1736 1909 2077 6250 1052 1407 1567 1748 1922 2092 6300 1059 1417 1578 1759 1935 2106 6350 1066 1426 1588 1771 1948 2120 6400 1072 1435 1597 1781 1959 2132 6450 1077 1441 1604 1788 1967 2140 6500 1082 1447 1610 1796 1975 2149 6550 1087 1454 1617 1803 1983 2158 6600 1092 1460 1624 1810 1991 2167 6650 1097 1466 1630 1818 1999 2175 6700 1102 1473 1637 1825 2008 2184 6750 1107 1479 1643 1832 2016 2193 6800 1112 1485 1650 1840 2024 2202 6850 1117 1491 1657 1847 2032 2211 6900 1122 1498 1663 1854 2040 2219 6950 1127 1504 1670 1862 2048 2228 7000 1132 1510 1676 1869 2056 2237 7050 1137 1517 1683 1876 2064 2246 7100 1142 1523 1690 1884 2072 2255 7150 1147 1529 1696 1891 2080 2263 7200 1152 1536 1703 1898 2088 2272 7250 1157 1542 1709 1906 2096 2281 7300 1162 1548 1716 1913 2104 2290 7350 1167 1555 1722 1921 2113 2298 7400 1172 1561 1729 1928 2121 2307 7450 1177 1567 1736 1935 2129 2316 7500 1182 1573 1742 1943 2137 2325 7550 1187 1580 1749 1950 2145 2334 7600 1192 1586 1755 1957 2153 2342 7650 1197 1592 1762 1965 2161 2351 7700 1202 1598 1768 1971 2169 2359 7750 1206 1604 1774 1978 2176 2367 7800 1210 1609 1780 1985 2183 2375 7850 1214 1615 1786 1992 2191 2384 7900 1219 1620 1792 1998 2198 2392 7950 1223 1626 1798 2005 2206 2400 8000 1227 1631 1804 2012 2213 2408 8050 1231 1637 1810 2019 2220 2416 8100 1235 1642 1816 2025 2228 2424 8150 1240 1648 1822 2032 2235 2432 8200 1244 1653 1828 2039 2243 2440 8250 1248 1659 1835 2045 2250 2448 8300 1252 1664 1841 2052 2257 2456 8350 1257 1670 1847 2059 2265 2464 8400 1261 1675 1853 2066 2272 2472 8450 1265 1681 1859 2072 2280 2480 8500 1269 1686 1865 2079 2287 2488 8550 1273 1692 1871 2086 2295 2496 8600 1278 1697 1877 2093 2302 2504 8650 1282 1703 1883 2099 2309 2513 8700 1286 1708 1889 2106 2317 2521 8750 1290 1714 1895 2113 2324 2529 8800 1295 1719 1901 2120 2332 2537 8850 1299 1725 1907 2126 2339 2545 8900 1303 1730 1913 2133 2346 2553 8950 1307 1736 1919 2140 2354 2561 9000 1311 1741 1925 2147 2361 2569 9050 1316 1747 1931 2153 2369 2577 9100 1320 1752 1937 2160 2376 2585 9150 1324 1758 1943 2167 2383 2593 9200 1328 1763 1949 2173 2391 2601 9250 1333 1769 1955 2180 2398 2609 9300 1337 1775 1961 2187 2406 2617 9350 1341 1780 1967 2194 2413 2625 9400 1345 1786 1973 2200 2420 2633 9450 1349 1791 1980 2207 2428 2642 9500 1354 1797 1986 2214 2435 2650 9550 1358 1802 1992 2221 2443 2658 9600 1362 1807 1996 2226 2449 2664 9650 1365 1811 2001 2231 2454 2670 9700 1369 1815 2005 2235 2459 2675 9750 1372 1819 2009 2240 2464 2681 9800 1376 1823 2013 2244 2469 2686 9850 1379 1827 2017 2249 2474 2692 9900 1383 1832 2021 2253 2479 2697 9950 1386 1836 2025 2258 2484 2702 10000 1390 1840 2029 2263 2489 2708 10050 1393 1844 2033 2267 2494 2713 10100 1397 1848 2037 2272 2499 2719 10150 1400 1852 2042 2276 2504 2724 10200 1404 1856 2046 2281 2509 2730 10250 1407 1860 2050 2285 2514 2735 10300 1411 1865 2054 2290 2519 2741 10350 1414 1869 2058 2295 2524 2746 10400 1418 1873 2062 2299 2529 2752 10450 1421 1877 2066 2304 2534 2757 10500 1425 1881 2070 2308 2539 2763 10550 1428 1885 2074 2313 2544 2768 10600 1432 1889 2078 2317 2549 2774 10650 1435 1894 2083 2322 2554 2779 10700 1439 1898 2087 2327 2559 2784 10750 1442 1902 2091 2331 2564 2790 10800 1446 1906 2095 2336 2569 2795 10850 1449 1910 2099 2340 2574 2801 10900 1453 1914 2103 2345 2579 2806 10950 1456 1918 2107 2349 2584 2812 11000 1460 1922 2111 2354 2589 2817 11050 1464 1927 2115 2359 2594 2823 11100 1467 1931 2119 2363 2599 2828 11150 1471 1935 2124 2368 2604 2834 11200 1474 1939 2128 2372 2610 2839 11250 1478 1943 2132 2377 2615 2845 11300 1481 1947 2136 2381 2620 2850 11350 1485 1951 2140 2386 2625 2856 11400 1488 1956 2144 2391 2630 2861 11450 1492 1960 2148 2395 2635 2866 11500 1495 1964 2152 2400 2640 2872 11550 1499 1968 2156 2404 2645 2877 11600 1502 1972 2160 2409 2650 2883 11650 1506 1976 2164 2413 2655 2888 11700 1509 1980 2169 2418 2660 2894 11750 1513 1984 2173 2423 2665 2899 11800 1516 1989 2177 2427 2670 2905 11850 1520 1993 2181 2432 2675 2910 11900 1523 1997 2185 2436 2680 2916 11950 1527 2001 2189 2441 2685 2921 12000 1530 2005 2193 2445 2690 2927 12050 1534 2009 2197 2450 2695 2932 12100 1537 2013 2201 2455 2700 2938 12150 1541 2018 2205 2459 2705 2943 12200 1544 2022 2210 2464 2710 2948 12250 1548 2026 2214 2468 2715 2954 12300 1551 2030 2218 2473 2720 2959 12350 1555 2034 2222 2477 2725 2965 12400 1558 2038 2226 2482 2730 2970 12450 1562 2042 2230 2486 2735 2976 12500 1565 2046 2234 2491 2740 2981 12550 1569 2051 2238 2496 2745 2987 12600 1572 2055 2242 2500 2750 2992 12650 1576 2059 2246 2505 2755 2998 12700 1579 2063 2251 2509 2760 3003 12750 1583 2067 2255 2514 2765 3009 12800 1586 2071 2259 2518 2770 3014 12850 1590 2075 2263 2523 2775 3020 12900 1593 2080 2267 2528 2780 3025 12950 1597 2084 2271 2532 2785 3030 13000 1600 2088 2275 2537 2790 3036 13050 1604 2092 2279 2541 2795 3041 13100 1607 2096 2283 2546 2800 3047 13150 1611 2100 2287 2550 2805 3052 13200 1614 2104 2291 2555 2811 3058 13250 1618 2108 2296 2560 2816 3063 13300 1622 2113 2300 2564 2821 3069 13350 1625 2117 2304 2569 2826 3074 13400 1629 2121 2308 2573 2831 3080 13450 1632 2125 2312 2578 2836 3085 13500 1636 2129 2316 2582 2841 3091 13550 1639 2133 2320 2587 2846 3096 13600 1643 2137 2324 2592 2851 3102 13650 1646 2142 2328 2596 2856 3107 13700 1650 2146 2332 2601 2861 3113 13750 1653 2150 2337 2605 2866 3118 13800 1657 2154 2341 2610 2871 3123 13850 1660 2158 2345 2614 2876 3129 13900 1664 2162 2349 2619 2881 3134 13950 1667 2166 2353 2624 2886 3140 14000 1671 2170 2357 2628 2891 3145 14050 1674 2175 2361 2633 2896 3151 14100 1678 2179 2365 2637 2901 3156 14150 1681 2183 2369 2642 2906 3162 14200 1685 2187 2373 2646 2911 3167 14250 1688 2191 2378 2651 2916 3173 14300 1692 2195 2382 2656 2921 3178 14350 1695 2199 2386 2660 2926 3184 14400 1699 2203 2390 2665 2931 3189 14450 1702 2208 2394 2669 2936 3195 14500 1706 2212 2398 2674 2941 3200 14550 1709 2216 2402 2678 2946 3205 14600 1713 2220 2406 2683 2951 3211 14650 1716 2224 2410 2687 2956 3216 14700 1720 2228 2414 2692 2961 3222 14750 1723 2232 2418 2697 2966 3227 14800 1727 2237 2423 2701 2971 3233 14850 1730 2241 2427 2706 2976 3238 14900 1734 2245 2431 2710 2981 3244 14950 1737 2249 2435 2715 2986 3249 15000 1741 2253 2439 2719 2991 3255 15050 1806 2319 2493 2780 3058 3327 15100 1811 2325 2498 2785 3064 3334 15150 1816 2330 2503 2791 3071 3341 15200 1821 2336 2509 2797 3077 3348 15250 1826 2342 2514 2803 3084 3355 15300 1831 2347 2519 2809 3090 3362 15350 1836 2353 2525 2815 3097 3369 15400 1841 2359 2530 2821 3103 3376 15450 1846 2364 2535 2827 3110 3383 15500 1851 2370 2541 2833 3116 3390 15550 1856 2375 2546 2839 3123 3397 15600 1861 2381 2551 2845 3129 3404 15650 1866 2387 2557 2851 3136 3411 15700 1871 2392 2562 2856 3142 3419 15750 1876 2398 2567 2862 3149 3426 15800 1881 2404 2572 2868 3155 3433 15850 1886 2409 2578 2874 3162 3440 15900 1891 2415 2583 2880 3168 3447 15950 1896 2420 2588 2886 3175 3454 16000 1901 2426 2594 2892 3181 3461 16050 1906 2432 2599 2898 3188 3468 16100 1911 2437 2604 2904 3194 3475 16150 1916 2443 2610 2910 3201 3482 16200 1921 2449 2615 2916 3207 3489 16250 1926 2454 2620 2921 3214 3496 16300 1931 2460 2625 2927 3220 3503 16350 1936 2466 2631 2933 3227 3511 16400 1941 2471 2636 2939 3233 3518 16450 1946 2477 2641 2945 3240 3525 16500 1951 2482 2647 2951 3246 3532 16550 1956 2488 2652 2957 3253 3539 16600 1961 2494 2657 2963 3259 3546 16650 1966 2499 2663 2969 3266 3553 16700 1971 2505 2668 2975 3272 3560 16750 1976 2511 2673 2981 3279 3567 16800 1981 2516 2678 2986 3285 3574 16850 1986 2522 2684 2992 3292 3581 16900 1991 2527 2689 2998 3298 3588 16950 1996 2533 2694 3004 3305 3595 17000 2001 2539 2700 3010 3311 3603 17050 2006 2544 2705 3016 3318 3610 17100 2011 2550 2710 3022 3324 3617 17150 2016 2556 2716 3028 3331 3624 17200 2021 2561 2721 3034 3337 3631 17250 2026 2567 2726 3040 3344 3638 17300 2031 2572 2731 3046 3350 3645 17350 2036 2578 2737 3052 3357 3652 17400 2041 2584 2742 3057 3363 3659 17450 2046 2589 2747 3063 3370 3666 17500 2051 2595 2753 3069 3376 3673 17550 2056 2601 2758 3075 3383 3680 17600 2061 2606 2763 3081 3389 3687 17650 2066 2612 2769 3087 3396 3694 17700 2071 2618 2774 3093 3402 3702 17750 2076 2623 2779 3099 3409 3709 17800 2081 2629 2784 3105 3415 3716 17850 2086 2634 2790 3111 3422 3723 17900 2091 2640 2795 3117 3428 3730 17950 2096 2646 2800 3122 3435 3737 18000 2101 2651 2806 3128 3441 3744 18050 2106 2657 2811 3134 3448 3751 18100 2111 2663 2816 3140 3454 3758 18150 2116 2668 2822 3146 3461 3765 18200 2121 2674 2827 3152 3467 3772 18250 2126 2679 2832 3158 3474 3779 18300 2131 2685 2838 3164 3480 3786 18350 2136 2691 2843 3170 3487 3794 18400 2141 2696 2848 3176 3493 3801 18450 2146 2702 2853 3182 3500 3808 18500 2151 2708 2859 3187 3506 3815 18550 2156 2713 2864 3193 3513 3822 18600 2161 2719 2869 3199 3519 3829 18650 2166 2725 2875 3205 3526 3836 18700 2171 2730 2880 3211 3532 3843 18750 2176 2736 2885 3217 3539 3850 18800 2181 2741 2891 3223 3545 3857 18850 2186 2747 2896 3229 3552 3864 18900 2191 2753 2901 3235 3558 3871 18950 2196 2758 2906 3241 3565 3878 19000 2201 2764 2912 3247 3571 3886 19050 2206 2770 2917 3253 3578 3893 19100 2211 2775 2922 3258 3584 3900 19150 2216 2781 2928 3264 3591 3907 19200 2221 2786 2933 3270 3597 3914 19250 2226 2792 2938 3276 3604 3921 19300 2231 2798 2944 3282 3610 3928 19350 2236 2803 2949 3288 3617 3935 19400 2241 2809 2954 3294 3623 3942 19450 2246 2815 2959 3300 3630 3949 19500 2251 2820 2965 3306 3636 3956 19550 2256 2826 2970 3312 3643 3963 19600 2261 2831 2975 3318 3649 3970 19650 2266 2837 2981 3323 3656 3977 19700 2271 2843 2986 3329 3662 3985 19750 2276 2848 2991 3335 3669 3992 19800 2281 2854 2997 3341 3675 3999 19850 2286 2860 3002 3347 3682 4006 19900 2291 2865 3007 3353 3688 4013 19950 2296 2871 3012 3359 3695 4020 20000 2301 2877 3018 3365 3701 4027 ] Monthly Basic Child Support Schedule
COMBINED ADJUSTED NET
INCOMEONE
CHILDTWO CHILDREN THREE CHILDREN FOUR CHILDREN FIVE CHILDREN SIX CHILDREN 0-900 50 55 60 65 70 75 950 75 76 77 78 78 79 1000 120 121 123 124 125 127 1050 165 167 169 171 172 174 1100 210 212 215 217 219 222 1150 255 258 261 264 266 269 1200 294 303 307 310 313 317 1250 306 349 353 357 360 364 1300 318 394 399 403 407 412 1350 330 440 445 450 454 459 1400 342 485 491 496 501 507 1450 354 514 537 543 548 554 1500 365 531 583 589 595 602 1550 377 548 629 636 642 649 1600 389 565 665 682 689 697 1650 401 582 684 729 736 744 1700 412 598 704 775 783 792 1750 424 615 723 808 830 839 1800 436 631 742 829 877 887 1850 447 648 762 851 924 934 1900 459 664 781 872 960 982 1950 470 681 800 894 983 1029 2000 482 698 820 915 1007 1077 2050 493 714 839 937 1031 1120 2100 505 731 858 959 1054 1146 2150 517 747 877 980 1078 1172 2200 528 764 897 1002 1102 1198 2250 540 781 916 1023 1126 1223 2300 551 797 936 1045 1150 1250 2350 563 814 956 1068 1174 1277 2400 575 831 976 1090 1199 1304 2450 587 849 996 1113 1224 1330 2500 598 866 1016 1135 1249 1357 2550 610 883 1036 1158 1273 1384 2600 622 900 1057 1180 1298 1411 2650 634 917 1077 1203 1323 1438 2700 646 934 1097 1225 1348 1465 2750 657 951 1117 1248 1373 1492 2800 669 968 1137 1270 1397 1519 2850 681 985 1157 1293 1422 1546 2900 693 1002 1178 1315 1447 1573 2950 704 1019 1198 1338 1472 1600 3000 714 1033 1213 1354 1490 1619 3050 723 1045 1226 1370 1507 1638 3100 732 1057 1240 1385 1523 1656 3150 741 1070 1253 1400 1540 1674 3200 750 1082 1267 1415 1557 1692 3250 759 1094 1281 1431 1574 1711 3300 768 1107 1294 1446 1590 1729 3350 777 1119 1308 1461 1607 1747 3400 786 1131 1322 1476 1624 1765 3450 793 1141 1333 1489 1637 1780 3500 798 1149 1342 1500 1650 1793 3550 804 1157 1352 1511 1662 1806 3600 809 1165 1362 1522 1674 1819 3650 815 1173 1372 1533 1686 1832 3700 820 1182 1382 1543 1698 1846 3750 826 1190 1392 1554 1710 1859 3800 831 1198 1401 1565 1722 1872 3850 837 1206 1411 1576 1734 1885 3900 842 1214 1421 1587 1746 1898 3950 848 1222 1430 1597 1757 1910 4000 854 1231 1439 1608 1769 1922 4050 860 1239 1449 1618 1780 1935 4100 866 1247 1458 1629 1791 1947 4150 872 1255 1467 1639 1803 1960 4200 878 1264 1477 1649 1814 1972 4250 884 1272 1486 1660 1826 1984 4300 890 1280 1495 1670 1837 1997 4350 895 1286 1502 1677 1845 2006 4400 898 1291 1506 1682 1850 2011 4450 902 1295 1510 1686 1855 2016 4500 905 1299 1513 1691 1860 2021 4550 909 1303 1517 1695 1864 2027 4600 912 1307 1521 1699 1869 2032 4650 916 1312 1525 1704 1874 2037 4700 919 1316 1529 1708 1879 2042 4750 923 1320 1533 1712 1884 2047 4800 926 1325 1538 1718 1890 2054 4850 931 1331 1545 1726 1898 2064 4900 935 1337 1552 1734 1907 2073 4950 940 1343 1559 1742 1916 2082 5000 944 1350 1566 1749 1924 2092 5050 949 1356 1573 1757 1933 2101 5100 953 1362 1580 1765 1942 2111 5150 957 1368 1587 1773 1950 2120 5200 962 1374 1594 1781 1959 2129 5250 966 1380 1601 1789 1968 2139 5300 971 1387 1608 1797 1976 2148 5350 975 1393 1615 1804 1985 2157 5400 980 1399 1622 1812 1993 2167 5450 984 1405 1629 1820 2002 2176 5500 989 1412 1637 1829 2011 2186 5550 994 1419 1645 1837 2021 2197 5600 1000 1426 1653 1846 2031 2207 5650 1005 1433 1660 1855 2040 2218 5700 1010 1440 1668 1864 2050 2228 5750 1015 1447 1676 1872 2059 2239 5800 1020 1454 1684 1881 2069 2249 5850 1025 1461 1692 1890 2079 2260 5900 1031 1469 1700 1899 2088 2270 5950 1036 1476 1707 1907 2098 2281 6000 1041 1483 1715 1916 2108 2291 6050 1046 1490 1723 1925 2117 2301 6100 1051 1497 1731 1933 2127 2312 6150 1056 1504 1739 1942 2136 2322 6200 1061 1511 1747 1951 2147 2333 6250 1066 1518 1755 1961 2157 2344 6300 1071 1525 1763 1970 2167 2355 6350 1076 1532 1772 1979 2177 2366 6400 1081 1539 1780 1988 2187 2377 6450 1086 1546 1788 1997 2197 2388 6500 1091 1553 1796 2006 2207 2399 6550 1096 1560 1804 2015 2217 2410 6600 1101 1567 1812 2024 2227 2421 6650 1106 1574 1821 2034 2237 2432 6700 1111 1581 1829 2043 2247 2442 6750 1116 1588 1837 2052 2257 2453 6800 1121 1595 1845 2061 2267 2464 6850 1126 1602 1853 2070 2277 2475 6900 1131 1609 1861 2078 2286 2485 6950 1135 1616 1868 2087 2295 2495 7000 1140 1622 1876 2095 2304 2505 7050 1145 1629 1883 2103 2314 2515 7100 1150 1636 1891 2112 2323 2525 7150 1155 1643 1898 2120 2332 2535 7200 1160 1649 1906 2128 2341 2545 7250 1165 1656 1913 2137 2351 2555 7300 1170 1663 1921 2145 2360 2565 7350 1174 1670 1928 2154 2369 2575 7400 1179 1676 1936 2162 2378 2585 7450 1184 1683 1943 2170 2387 2595 7500 1189 1690 1951 2179 2397 2605 7550 1194 1696 1958 2187 2406 2615 7600 1199 1703 1966 2196 2415 2625 7650 1204 1710 1973 2204 2424 2635 7700 1209 1717 1981 2212 2434 2645 7750 1214 1723 1988 2221 2443 2656 7800 1218 1731 1997 2230 2453 2667 7850 1223 1738 2005 2240 2464 2678 7900 1228 1745 2014 2249 2474 2689 7950 1233 1752 2022 2259 2485 2701 8000 1238 1759 2031 2268 2495 2712 8050 1243 1766 2039 2278 2505 2723 8100 1248 1774 2048 2287 2516 2735 8150 1253 1781 2056 2297 2526 2746 8200 1258 1788 2064 2306 2537 2757 8250 1263 1795 2073 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[Continued on next Web Page]
[Continued from previous Web Page] [Explanatory Comment—2005 The schedule has been amended to reflect updated economic data. See Explanatory Comment—2005 following Rule 1910.16-1.]
Explanatory Comment—2010 The basic child support schedule has been amended to reflect updated economic data. The schedule has been expanded to include all cases in which the parties' combined net monthly income is $30,000 or less. It also reflects an increase in the Self-Support Reserve to $867, the 2008 poverty level for one person. The schedule was further adjusted to incorporate an assumption that the children spend 30% of the time with the obligor.
(Editor's Note: The following rule is new and has been printed in regular print to enhance readability.)
Rule 1910.16-3.1. Support Guidelines. High Income Cases.
(a) Child Support Formula. When the parties' combined monthly net income is above $30,000, the following three-step process shall be applied to calculate the parties' respective child support obligations. The amount of support calculated pursuant to this three-step process shall in no event be less than the amount of support that would have been awarded if the parties' combined net monthly income were $30,000. That amount shall be a presumptive minimum.
(1) First, the following formula shall be applied as a preliminary analysis in calculating the amount of basic child support to be apportioned between the parties according to their respective incomes:
One child: $2,756 + 6.5 % of combined net income above $30,000 per month.
Two children: $3,777 + 8.0% of combined net income above $30,000 per month.
Three children: $4,210 + 9.2% of combined net income above $30,000 per month.
Four children: $4,703 + 10.3% of combined net income above $30,000 per month.
Five children: $5,173 + 11.3% of combined net income above $30,000 per month.
Six children: $5,623 + 12.3% of combined net income above $30,000 per month;
(2) And second, the trier of fact shall make any applicable allocations of additional expenses pursuant to Rule 1910.16-6;
(3) Then, third, the trier of fact shall consider the factors in Rule 1910.16-5 in making a final child support award and shall make findings of fact on the record or in writing. After considering all of the factors in Rule 1910.16-5, the trier of fact may adjust the amount calculated pursuant to subdivisions (1) and (2) above upward or downward, subject to the presumptive minimum.
(b) Spousal Support and Alimony Pendente Lite. In cases in which the parties' combined monthly net income exceeds $30,000, the trier of fact shall apply the formula in Part IV of Rule 1910.16-4(a) as a preliminary analysis in calculating spousal support or alimony pendente lite. In determining the amount and duration of the final spousal support or alimony pendente lite award, the trier of fact shall consider the factors in Rule 1910.16-5 and shall make findings of fact on the record or in writing.
Explanatory Comment—2010 New Rule 1910.16-3.1 is intended to bring all child support cases under the guidelines and treat similarly situated parties similarly. Thus, high income child support cases no longer will be decided pursuant to Melzer v. Witsberger, 505 Pa. 462, 480 A.2d 991 (1984). Economic data supports the amounts in the basic child support schedule up to combined net incomes of $30,000 per month. Above that amount, economic data is not readily available. Thus, for cases in which the parties' combined net monthly income is above $30,000, the formula first applies a fixed percentage to calculate the amount of support. The formula is an extrapolation of the available economic data to higher income cases. Spousal support and alimony pendente lite awards in high income cases are preliminarily calculated pursuant to the formula in Part IV of Rule 1910.16-4(a). However, in both high income child support and spousal support/alimony pendente lite cases, the trier of fact is required to consider the factors in Rule 1910.16-5 before entering a final order and to make findings of fact on the record or in writing. Pursuant to Rule 1910.11(c)(2), in all high income cases, the parties must submit an Income Statement and the Expense Statement at Rule 1910.27(c)(2)(B) to enable the trier of fact to consider the factors in Rule 1910.16-5.
Rule 1910.16-4. Support Guidelines. Calculation of Support Obligation. Formula.
(a) The following formula shall be used to calculate the obligor's share of [the] basic [guideline] child support, either from the schedule in Rule 1910.16-3 or the formula in Rule 1910.16-3.1(a), as well as spousal support and alimony pendente lite obligations. In high income cases, Part IV shall be used as a preliminary analysis in the calculation of spousal support [and/] or alimony pendente lite [obligation] obligations:
* * * * * (c) Substantial or Shared Physical Custody.
(1) When the children spend 40% or more of their time during the year with the obligor, a rebuttable presumption arises that the obligor is entitled to a reduction in the basic support obligation to reflect this time. Except as provided in subsections (2) and (3) below, the reduction shall be calculated pursuant to the formula set forth in Part II of subdivision (a) of this rule. For purposes of this provision, the time spent with the children shall be determined by the number of overnights they spend during the year with the obligor.
Example. Where the obligor and the obligee have monthly net incomes of $5,000 and $2,300 respectively, their combined child support obligation is $[1,548] 1,663 for two children. Using the income shares formula in Part I, the obligor's share of this obligation is 68%, or $[1,053] 1,131. If the children spend 40% of their time with the obligor, the formula in Part II applies to reduce his or her percentage share of the combined support obligation to 58%, or $[898] 965. If the children spend 45% of their time with the obligor, his or her percentage share of the combined obligation is reduced to 53%, or $[820] 881. If the children spend equal time with both parents, the obligor's percentage share is reduced to 48%, or $[743] 798.
(2) Without regard to which parent initiated the support action, when the children spend equal time with both parents, the Part II formula cannot be applied unless the obligor is the parent with the higher income. In no event shall an order be entered requiring the parent with the lower income to pay basic child support to the parent with the higher income. However, nothing in this subdivision shall prevent the entry of an order requiring the parent with less income to contribute to additional expenses pursuant to Rule 1910.16-6. Pursuant to either party's initiating a support action, the trier of fact may enter an order against either party based upon the evidence presented without regard to which party initiated the action. If application of the formula in Part II results in the obligee receiving a larger share of the parties' combined income in cases in which the parties share custody equally, then the court shall adjust the support obligation so that the combined income is allocated equally between the two households. In those cases, no spousal support or alimony pendente lite shall be awarded.
Example 1. Mother and Father have monthly net incomes of $3,000 and $2,700 respectively. Mother has filed for support for the parties' two children with whom they share time equally. Pursuant to the Basic Child Support Schedule at Rule 1910.16-3, the support amount for two children at their parents' combined net income level is $[1,302] 1,440 per month. Mother's share is 53% of that amount, or $[690] 763. Father's share is 47%, or $[612] 677. Application of subdivisions a. and b. of the Part II formula results in a 20% reduction in support when each parent spends 50% of the time with the children. Because the parties share custody equally, Mother cannot be the obligee for purposes of the Part II calculation because she has the higher income of the two parents. In these circumstances, although Mother initiated the support action, she would become the obligor even if Father has not filed for support. Father cannot be an obligor in the Part II calculations nor can the amount of support Mother is obligated to pay to Father be offset by calculating Father's adjusted amount of support under Part II because a support order cannot be entered against the parent with the lesser income. Using Mother as the obligor, her adjusted percentage share of the basic support amount is 33% (53%-20%=33%). Her adjusted share of the basic support amount is $[430] 475 (33% of $[1,302] 1,440). However, instead of $[430] 475 per month, Mother's support obligation would be adjusted to $150 per month to allocate the parties' combined income equally between the two households. This is the presumptive amount of basic support payable to Father under these circumstances.
Example 2. Where the obligor and the obligee have monthly net incomes of $3,000 and $2,500 respectively, their combined child support obligation for two children is $[1,268] 1,412. The obligor's share of this obligation is 55%, or $[697] 777. If the children spend equal time with both parents, the formula in Part II results in a support obligation of $[444] 494 payable to the obligee. Since this amount gives the obligee $[2,944] 2,994 of the combined income, and leaves the obligor with only $[2,556] 2,506 of the combined income, the obligor's support obligation must be adjusted to $250 to equalize the combined income between the parties' households. This is the presumptive amount of basic support payable to the obligee under these circumstances.
(3) This subdivision shall not apply when the obligor's income falls within the shaded area of the schedule in Rule 1910.16-3 or when the obligee's income is 10% or less of the parties' combined income.
(d) Divided or Split Physical Custody
(1) When calculating a child support obligation, and one or more of the children reside with each party, the court shall offset the parties' respective child support obligations and award the net difference to the obligee as child support. For example, if the parties have three children, one of whom resides with Father and two of whom reside with Mother, and their net monthly incomes are $[1,500] 2,500 and $[800] 1,250 respectively, Father's child support obligation is calculated as follows. Using the [formula with the] schedule in Rule 1910.16-3 for two children at the parties' combined net monthly income of $3,750, the amount of basic child support to be apportioned between the parties is $1,190. As Father's income is 67% of the parties' combined net monthly income, Father's support obligation for the two children living with Mother is $[513] 797. Using [the formula with] the schedule in Rule 1910.16-3 for one child, Mother's support obligation for the child living with Father is $[199] 273. Subtracting $[199] 273 from $[513] 797 produces a net basic support amount of $[314] 524 payable to Mother as child support.
* * * * * (e) Support Obligations When Custodial Parent Owes Spousal Support. Where children are residing with the spouse obligated to pay spousal support or alimony pendente lite (custodial parent) and the other spouse (non-custodial parent) has a legal obligation to support the children, the guideline amount of spousal support or alimony pendente lite shall be determined by offsetting the non-custodial parent's obligation for support of the children and the custodial parent's obligation of spousal support or alimony pendente lite, and awarding the net difference either to the non-custodial parent as spousal support/alimony pendente lite or to the custodial parent as child support as the circumstances warrant.
The following example uses the formula to show the steps followed to determine the amount of the non-custodial parent's support obligation to the children and the effect of that obligation upon the custodial parent's spousal support obligation. The example assumes that the parties have two children and the non-custodial parent's net monthly income is $1,000 and the custodial parent's net monthly income is $2,600. First, determine the spousal support obligation of the custodial parent to the non-custodial parent based upon their net incomes from the formula for spousal support without dependent children, i.e., $640. Second, recompute the net income of the parties assuming the payment of the spousal support so that $640 is deducted from the custodial parent's net income, now $1,960, and added to the non-custodial parent's net income, now $1,640. Third, determine the child support obligation of the non-custodial parent for two children, i.e., $[501] 536. Fourth, determine the recomputed support obligation of the custodial parent to the non-custodial parent by subtracting the non-custodial parent's child support obligation from Step 3 ($[501] 536) from the original support obligation determined in Step 1 ($640). The recomputed spousal support is $[139] 104.
* * * * * Explanatory Comment—2010 The basic support schedule incorporates an assumption that the children spend 30% of the time with the obligor and that the obligor makes direct expenditures on their behalf during that time. Variable expenditures, such as food and entertainment that fluctuate based upon parenting time, were adjusted in the schedule to build in the assumption of 30% parenting time. Upward deviation should be considered in cases in which the obligor has little or no contact with the children. However, upward deviation may not be appropriate where an obligor has infrequent overnight contact with the child, but provides meals and entertainment during daytime contact. Fluctuating expenditures should be considered rather than the extent of overnight time. Downward deviation may be appropriate when the obligor incurs substantial fluctuating expenditures during parenting time, but has infrequent overnights with the children.
The calculation in Rule 1910.16-4(c) reduces an obligor's support obligation further if the obligor spends significantly more time with the children. The obligor will receive an additional 10% reduction in the amount of support owed at 40% parenting time, increasing incrementally to a 20% reduction at 50% parenting time. This method still may result in a support obligation even if custody of the children is equally shared. In those cases, the rule provides for a maximum obligation which may reduce the obligation so that the obligee does not receive a larger portion of the parties' combined income than the obligor.
Rule 1910.16-5. Support Guidelines. Deviation.
(a) Deviation. If the amount of support deviates from the amount of support determined by the guidelines, the trier of fact shall specify, in writing or on the record, the guideline amount of support, and the reasons for, and findings of fact justifying, the amount of the deviation.
Official Note: The deviation applies to the amount of the support obligation and not to the amount of income.
(b) Factors. In deciding whether to deviate from the amount of support determined by the guidelines, the trier of fact shall consider:
(1) unusual needs and unusual fixed obligations;
(2) other support obligations of the parties;
(3) other income in the household;
(4) ages of the children;
(5) the relative assets and liabilities of the parties;
(6) medical expenses not covered by insurance;
(7) standard of living of the parties and their children;
(8) in a spousal support or alimony pendente lite case, the [period of time during which the parties lived together] duration of the marriage from the date of marriage to the date of final separation; and
(9) other relevant and appropriate factors, including the best interests of the child or children.
[(c) Duration. In determining the duration of an award for spousal support or alimony pendente lite, the trier of fact shall consider the period of time during which the parties lived together from the date of marriage to the date of final separation.]
Explanatory Comment—2005 Rule 1910.16-5 sets forth the factors for deviation from the presumptive amount of support. Subdivision (c) and subsection (b)(8) permit the court to consider the length of the marriage in determining the amount and duration of a spousal support or alimony pendente lite award. The primary purpose of these provisions is to prevent the unfairness that arises in a short-term marriage when the obligor is required to pay support over a substantially longer period of time than the parties were married and there is little or no opportunity for credit for these payments at the time of equitable distribution.
Explanatory Comment—2010 The provisions of subdivision (c), which provided that the court must consider the duration of the parties' marriage in determining the duration of an award of spousal support or alimony pendente lite, were moved to new Rule 1910.16-1(c)(2). The duration of the marriage, from the date of marriage to the date of final separation, remains a factor to consider in determining whether or not deviation from the amount of the award is warranted.
Rule 1910.16-6. Support Guidelines. Adjustments to the Basic Support Obligation. Allocation of Additional Expenses.
Additional expenses permitted pursuant to this Rule 1910.16-6 may be allocated between the parties even if the parties' incomes do not justify an order of basic support.
(a) Child care expenses. Reasonable child care expenses paid by either parent, if necessary to maintain employment or appropriate education in pursuit of income, shall be allocated between the parties in proportion to their net incomes and added to his and her basic support obligation. When a parent is receiving a child care subsidy through the Department of Public Welfare, the expenses to be allocated between the parties shall be the full unsubsidized cost of the child care, not just the amount actually paid by the parent receiving the subsidy. However, if allocation of the unsubsidized amount would result in a support order that is overly burdensome to the obligor, deviation pursuant to Rule 1910.16-5 [may be] is warranted.
Example. Mother has primary custody of the parties' two children and Father has partial custody. Mother's monthly net income is $2,000 and Father's is $3,500. At their combined income level of $5,500, the basic monthly child support from the schedule in Rule 1910.16-3 is $[1,268] 1,412 for two children. As Father's income is 64% of the parties' combined income, his share is $[812] 904. Mother incurs child care expenses of $400 per month and Father incurs $100 of such expenses each month. The total amount of child care expenses, $500, will be apportioned between the parties, with Father paying 64%, or $320. As he is already paying $100 for child care while the children are in his partial custody, he would pay the remaining $220 to Mother for a total child support obligation of $[1,032] 1,124 ($[812] 904 + $220 = $[1,032] 1,124).
* * * * * (2) The federal child care tax credit shall not be used to reduce the child care expenses subject to allocation between the parties if the eligible parent is not qualified to receive the credit.
Official Note: A child care subsidy provided by the Department of Public Welfare should not be used to reduce the child care expenses subject to allocation between the parties to the extent that the obligor has the financial resources to contribute to the actual costs of child care. Nor is it appropriate to order the obligee to seek a child care subsidy in order to reduce the obligor's share of child care expenses if the obligor has the financial ability to contribute to those expenses. While public policy requires that parents, rather than taxpayers, pay for their children's child care when they are able to do so, allocation of the full unsubsidized cost of child care may result in a support order that is overly burdensome to the obligor. In those circumstances, in addition to considering deviation to relieve the burden on the obligor, the trier of fact also has the discretion to determine whether or not to include in the order other adjustments under Rule 1910.16-6, such as a mortgage contribution, which are not mandatory. No adjustment to the basic support amount shall be permitted if such would cause the obligor's remaining net monthly income to fall below the Self-Support Reserve of [$748] 867. Implicit in the rule requiring apportionment of the unsubsidized cost of child care is recognition of the duty of the subsidy recipient to report any additional income pursuant to Department of Public Welfare regulations so that adjustments can be made to entitlements accordingly.
* * * * * (e) Mortgage Payment. The guidelines assume that the spouse occupying the marital residence will be solely responsible for the mortgage payment, real estate taxes, and homeowners' insurance. Similarly, the court will assume that the party occupying the marital residence will be paying the items listed unless the recommendation specifically provides otherwise. If the obligee is living in the marital residence and the mortgage payment exceeds 25% of the obligee's net income (including amounts of spousal support, alimony pendente lite and child support), the court may direct the obligor to assume up to 50% of the excess amount as part of the total support award. If the obligor is occupying the marital residence and the mortgage payment exceeds 25% of the obligor's monthly net income (less any amount of spousal support, alimony pendente lite or child support the obligor is paying), the court may make an appropriate downward adjustment in the obligor's support obligation. This rule shall not be applied after a final resolution of all outstanding economic claims. For purposes of this subdivision, the term ''mortgage'' shall include first mortgages, real estate taxes and homeowners' insurance and may include any subsequent mortgages, home equity loans and any other obligations incurred during the marriage which are secured by the marital residence.
* * * * * Explanatory Comment—2010 Subdivision (e), relating to mortgages on the marital residence, has been amended to clarify that the rule cannot be applied after a final order of equitable distribution has been entered. To the extent that Isralsky v. Isralsky, 824 A.2d 1178 (Pa. Super. 2003), holds otherwise, it is superseded. At the time of resolution of the parties' economic claims, the former marital residence will either have been awarded to one of the parties or otherwise addressed.
Rule 1910.16-7. Support Guidelines. Awards of Child Support When There are Multiple Families.
(a) When the total of the obligor's basic child support obligations equals fifty percent or less of his or her monthly net income, there will generally be no deviation from the guideline amount of support on the ground of the existence of a new family. For example, where the obligor requests a reduction of support for one child of the first marriage on the basis that there is a new child of the second intact marriage, and the relevant monthly net incomes are $2,500 for the obligor, $500 for the former spouse and $1,300 for the current spouse, the request for a reduction will be denied because the total support obligation of $[1,142] 1,141 ($[601] 593 for the first child and $[541] 548 for the second child) is less than half of the obligor's monthly net income.
(b) When the total of the obligor's basic support obligations exceeds fifty percent of his or her monthly net income, the court may consider a proportional reduction of these obligations. Since, however, the goal of the guidelines is to treat each child equitably, in no event should either a first or later family receive preference. Nor shall the court divide the guideline amount for all of the obligor's children among the households in which those children live.
Example 1. The obligor is sued for support of an out of wedlock child. The obligor is already paying support for two children of the first marriage, and has an intact second marriage with one child. The relevant monthly net incomes are $[1,500] 3,800 for the obligor, $1,100 for the former spouse, $0 for the current spouse and $1,500 for the parent of the new child. The [guideline amounts for] obligor's basic support obligations to each family are $[514] 1,043 for the two children of the first marriage, $[386] 831 for the one child of the second marriage, and $[362] 699 for the one child out of wedlock for a total support obligation of $[1,262] 2,573. Since the total of these obligations exceeds fifty percent of the obligor's net monthly income of $[1,500] 3,800 per month, the court may consider a proportional reduction of all of the orders.
Example 2. The obligor is sued for support of three children of a second marriage. There is already an order in effect for two children of the first marriage. The relevant monthly net incomes are $[1,000] 1,500 for the obligor, $0 for the first spouse and $500 for the second spouse. The [guideline amounts for] obligor's basic support obligations to each family [are] is $[229] 531 for the two children of the first marriage and $[422] 615 for the three children of the second marriage for a total support obligation of $[651] 1,146. Since this total obligation leaves the obligor with only $[349] 354 on which to live, the order for the three children of the second family is too high. However, reducing the order for three children while leaving the existing order intact would give preference to the first family, contrary to the rule. Therefore, both orders must be reduced proportionally.
Example 3. The obligor is sued to establish orders for three children born out of wedlock. The net monthly incomes for the obligor and for each obligee is $1,500. The court would determine that the [guideline figure] obligor's basic support obligation for each child is $[362] 357 for a total obligation of $[1,086] 1,071 for three children. It would be incorrect to determine the guideline amount for three children, in this case $[724] 1,213, and then divide that amount among the three children.
(c) For purposes of this rule, the presumptive amount of the obligor's basic support obligation is calculated using only the basic guideline amounts of support, as determined from the formula in Rule 1910.16-4, and does not include any additional expenses that may be added to these amounts pursuant to Rule 1910.16-6. In calculating the presumptive amount of the obligor's basic support obligation, the court should ensure that obligor retains at least $[748] 867 per month consistent with Rule 1910.16-2(e).
Example 1. Assume that the obligor is paying $[591] 575 per month support for one child of the first marriage, plus an additional $200 per month for child care expenses. The obligor requests a reduction in this support obligation on the basis that there is one new child of the second intact marriage. The relevant incomes are $2,400 for the obligor and $0 for both the former and current spouses. The obligor's request for a reduction should be denied because the total of the basic guideline obligations for both children is only $[1,182] 1,150 ($[591] 575 for each child) and this amount does not exceed 50% of the obligor's net monthly income. No reduction should be given on the basis that the obligor's contribution to child care expenses for the first child results in an overall support obligation of $[1,382] 1,350 which exceeds 50% of the obligor's net monthly income. Thus, the presumptive amount of basic support for the two children is still $[1,182] 1,150 ($[591] 575 for each child). The court must then consider the deviation factors under Rule 1910.16-5 and the parties' respective contributions to additional expenses under Rule 1910.16-6 in arriving at an appropriate amount of total support for each child.
Example 2. Assume that the obligor is paying $[227] 365 per month support for one child of the first marriage. The obligor has one new child of the second intact marriage. The relevant incomes are $[1,000] 1,500 for the obligor and $0 for both the former and current spouses. No reduction should be given on the basis of the obligor's new child because the total of the basic guideline obligations for both children is only $[454] 730 ($[227] 365 for each child) and this amount does not exceed 50% of the obligor's net monthly income. Since, however, this amount leaves the obligor with only $[546] 770 per month, the court should proportionally reduce the support obligations so that the obligor retains $[748] 867 per month. Thus, the presumptive amount of basic support for the two children is $[252] 633 ($[126] 316.50 for each child). The court must then consider the deviation factors under Rule 1910.16-5 and the parties' respective contributions to additional expenses under Rule 1910.16-6 in arriving at an appropriate amount of total support for each child.
[(d) When an obligor is subject to more than one order for child support, spousal support and/or alimony pendente lite, the priority for distribution of payments and/or collections fro the obligor, without regard to the source of the funds or method of collection, are as follows unless the court specifically orders a different distribution priority:
(1) current child support.
(2) medical, child care or other court-ordered child support-related expenses.
(3) child support arrears.
(4) current spousal support or alimony pendente lite.
(5) spousal support or alimony pendente lite arrears.
(6) court costs and fees.]
Explanatory Comment—2005 * * * * * [Subdivision (d) addresses the priority of the distribution of payments and collections. However, collections realized through the interception of federal tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service are subject to federal distribution priorities. See 45 CFR 303.72(h).
Explanatory Comment—2008 The order of priority of the distribution of payments is revised to reflect changes in federal law which presume that cash and medical-related child support are established and paid in that sequence, and that obligations to children take priority over spousal-only obligations. An unallocated order for child and spousal support has the same priority as a child support order.]
Explanatory Comment—2010 Rule 1910.16-7 has been amended to reflect the updated schedule in Rule 1910.16-3 and the increase in the Self-Support Reserve to $867 per month, the 2008 federal poverty level for one person. The distribution priorities formerly in subdivision (d) have been moved to Rule 1910.17(d) to clarify that these priorities apply to all support orders, not just those involving multiple families.
Rule 1910.17. Support Order. Effective Date. Change of Circumstances. Copies of Order. Priority of Distribution of Payments.
* * * * * (d) The priorities for distribution of payments and/or collections from the obligor, without regard to the source of the funds or method of collection, are as follows:
(1) current child support.
(2) medical, child care or other court-ordered child support-related expenses.
(3) monthly ordered amount toward child support arrears.
(4) current spousal support or alimony pendente lite.
(5) remaining child support arrears.
(6) monthly ordered amount toward spousal support or alimony pendente lite arrears.
(7) remaining spousal support or alimony pendente lite arrears.
(8) court costs and fees.
Explanatory Comment—2010 Subdivision (d) has been moved from Rule 1910.16-7 and expanded for clarification. It addresses the priority of the distribution of payments and collections in all cases, not just those involving multiple families. However, collections realized through the interception of federal tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service are subject to federal distribution priorities. See 45 CFR 303.72(h). An unallocated order for child and spousal support has the same priority as a child support order.
Rule 1910.27. Form of Complaint. Order. Income Statements and Expense Statements. Health Insurance Coverage Information Form. Form of Support Order. Form Petition for Modification.
* * * * * (c) The Income and Expense Statements to be attached to the order shall be in substantially the following form:
* * * * * (2) Expense Statements. An Expense Statement is not required in cases which can be determined pursuant to the guidelines unless a party avers unusual needs and expenses that may warrant a deviation from the guideline amount of support pursuant to Rule 1910.16-5 or seeks an apportionment of expenses pursuant to Rule 1910.16-6. (See Rule 1910.11(c)(1)). Child support is calculated under the guidelines based upon the net incomes of the parties, with additional amounts ordered as necessary to provide for child care expenses, health insurance premiums, unreimbursed medical expenses, mortgage payments and other needs, contingent upon the obligor's ability to pay. The Expense Statement in subparagraph (A) below shall be utilized if a party is claiming that he or she has unusual needs and unusual fixed expenses that may warrant deviation or adjustment in a case determined under the guidelines. In [cases which must be determined pursuant to Melzer v. Witsberger, 505 Pa. 462, 480 A.2d 991 (1984), because the parties' combined net monthly income exceeds $20,000 per month] child support, spousal support and alimony pendente lite cases calculated pursuant to Rule 1910.16-3.1 and in divorce cases involving claims for alimony or counsel fees, costs and expenses pursuant to Rule 1920.31(a), the parties must complete the Expense Statement in subparagraph (B) below.
(A) Guidelines Expense Statement. If the combined monthly net income of the parties is $[20,000] 30,000 or less, it is not necessary to complete this form unless a party is claiming unusual needs and expenses that may warrant a deviation from the guideline amount of support pursuant to Rule 1910.16-5 or seeks an apportionment of expenses pursuant to Rule 1910.16-6. At the conference, each party must provide receipts or other verification of expenses claimed on this statement. The Guidelines Expense Statement shall be substantially in the following form.
* * * * * (B) [Melzer] Expense Statement for Cases Pursuant to Rule 1910.16-3.1 and Rule 1920.31. No later than five business days prior to the conference, the parties shall exchange this form, along with receipts or other verification of the expenses set forth on this form. Failure to comply with this provision may result in an appropriate order for sanctions and/or the entry of an interim order based upon the information provided.
* * * * * Explanatory Comment—2010 When the combined net monthly income of the parties exceeds $30,000, the case will be decided pursuant to Rule 1910.16-3.1 and the Income Statement and the Expense Statement at Rule 1910.27 (c)(2)(B) must be submitted.
[Pa.B. Doc. No. 10-181. Filed for public inspection January 29, 2010, 9:00 a.m.]
